000			04275nam a22001577a 4500
999			_c21656 _d21656
005			20221021140745.0
008			220801b ||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
082			_a590 _bOp76
100			_aAneela Azeem, _bMS(Zoology) _c2016-2018 _dSupervised by Dr.Asma Chaudhary
245			_aOptimization of Yeast Fermantation from Pomegranate Waste for Bioethanol Production _c/Aneela Azeem
260			_aLahore : _bDepartment of Zoology, Div. S&T University of Education, _c2018
300			_a107 p. _bxii _eCD
520			_aThe waste management in Pakistan is bothered by a wide range of public, educational, governmental and economic issues. The main focus of the production of bioethanol is now on focusing in the field of bioenergy and to minimize the environmental hazards. The pomegranate fruit wastes are highly biodegradable that gives a valuable way out towards both the waste management and energy sources. The study showed the high potential of yeast isolates to convert the pomegranate hydrolyzate to ethanol and optimization of alkali hydrolysis condition by Response surface Methodology using central composite design at three factorial levels. In optimization variable factors were hydrolyzate concentration (X1), incubation period (X2) and temperature (X3) whereas the responses were ethanol yield, reducing sugars and yeast growth. Different bases i.e. sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) were used to hydrolyzate pomegranate peels. In sodium hydroxide hydrolyzate, the observed optimum values (%) were 25.46±0.13 for ethanol contents (K7), 21.83±0.99 for ethanol contents (Y31), 33.40±0.10 for reducing sugars (K7), 34.94±0.53 for reducing sugars (Y31), 0.84±0.04 for yeast growth (K7) and 0.87±0.00 for yeast growth (Y31) respectively at 75mL hydrolyzate, 40°C temperature for 1 day. The experimental values were less than the predicted values with respect to both ethanol contents and reducing sugars. While with yeast growth the experimental values were more than the predicted values. The model is not significant for all responses with F value less than 4, and R2 value varied from 0.1507 to 0.9260 in case of standard yeast and in Y31 R2 varied from 0.3243 to 0.8385. On the basis of results, 2.83 percent ethanol contents were recorded with 0.83 percent yeast growth. The observed optimum values (%) in case of potassium hydroxide hydrolyzate were 21.62±0.22 for ethanol contents (K7), 21.27±0.82 for ethanol contents (Y31), XI 33.59±0.30 for reducing sugars (K7), 28.72±1.23 for reducing sugars (Y31), 0.57±0.03 for yeast growth (K7) and 0.55±0.02 for yeast growth (Y31) respectively at 50.68mL hydrolyzate, 40°C temperature for 1 day. The experimental values were less than the predicted values with respect to ethanol contents, reducing sugars and yeast growth. The model is not significant with F value less than 4 for ethanol contents and R 2 value varied from 0.3286 to 0.9469 in case of standard yeast while 0.3288 to 0.8486 in case of Y31 ethanol contents. The results indicate 21.27% ethanol contents with o.55% yeast growth. The observed optimum values (%) in case of calcium hydroxide hydrolyzate were 18.12±0.92 for ethanol contents (K7), 16.16±1.42 for ethanol contents (Y31), 30.98±1.60 for reducing sugars (K7), 27.80±1.71 for reducing sugars (Y31), 0.81±0.02 for yeast growth (K7) and 0.95±0.04 for yeast growth (Y31) respectively at 25mL hydrolyzate, 40°C temperature for 1 day. The experimental values were less than the predicted values with respect to ethanol contents, reducing sugars and yeast growth (K7). While with yeast growth(Y31) the experimental values were more than the predicted values. The model is not significant with F value less than 4 for ethanol contents and R2 value varied from 0.3344 to 0.8123 in case of standard ethanol contents while 0.4002 to 0.8161 in case of Y31 ethanol contents. The results indicate 16.16% ethanol contents contents with 0.95% yeast growth. This study concluded that the maximum ethanol contents were 21.81±0.99 with sodium hydroxide hydrolyzates in day 1 of incubation at 40°C temperature
650			_aYeast Fermantation - Pomegranate - Bioethanol Production - Zoology
942			_cTH