TY - BOOK AU - Babbie,Earl R. TI - The practice of social research SN - 9780534574741 U1 - 300/.72 21 PY - 2001/// CY - Belmont, CA PB - Wadsworth Thomson Learning KW - Social sciences KW - Research KW - Methodology N1 - includes bibliography, glossary and index; Holographic Overview 1 -- Part 1 An Introduction to Inquiry 14 -- 1 Human Inquiry and Science 16 -- Looking for Reality 18 -- The Foundations of Social Science 24 -- Some Dialectics of Social Science 33 -- The Ethics of Social Research 37 -- 2 Paradigms, Theory, and Social Research 41 -- Some Social Science Paradigms 42 -- Elements of Social Theory 51 -- Two Logical Systems Revisited 53 -- Deductive Theory Construction 60 -- Inductive Theory Construction 63 -- The Links Between Theory and Research 64 -- 3 The Idea of Causation in Social Research 68 -- Determinism and Social Science 69 -- Causation in Idiographic and Nomothetic Models of Explanation 72 -- Criteria for Causality 75 -- Necessary and Sufficient Causes 78 -- Errors in Reasoning About Causation 81 -- Linking Measurement and Association 83 -- Part 2 The Structure of Inquiry 88 -- 4 Research Design 90 -- Three Purposes of Research 91 -- Units of Analysis 94 -- The Time Dimension 101 -- How To Design a Research Project 107 -- The Research Proposal 113 -- Answers to Review Questions and Exercises, Item 2 117 -- 5 Conceptualization, Operationalization, and Measurement 118 -- Measuring Anything That Exists 119 -- Conceptualization 122 -- Definitions in Descriptive and Explanatory Studies 129 -- Operationalization Choices 132 -- Criteria of Measurement Quality 140 -- 6 Indexes, Scales, and Typologies 148 -- Indexes versus Scales 149 -- Index Construction 152 -- Scale Construction 165 -- Typologies 171 -- 7 The Logic of Sampling 175 -- A Brief History of Sampling 177 -- Nonprobability Sampling 178 -- The Theory and Logic of Probability sampling 182 -- Populations and Sampling Frames 194 -- Types of Sampling Designs 197 -- Multistage Cluster Sampling 204 -- Probability Sampling in Review 211 -- Part 3 Modes of Observation 214 -- 8 Experiments 216 -- Topics Appropriate to Experiments 217 -- The Classical Experiment 217 -- Selecting Subjects 221 -- Variations on Experimental Design 224 -- An Illustration of Experimentation 230 -- "Natural" Experiments 232 -- Strengths and Weaknesses of the Experimental Method 234 -- 9 Survey Research 237 -- Topics Appropriate for Survey Research 238 -- Guidelines for Asking Questions 239 -- Questionnaire Construction 245 -- Self-Administered Questionnaires 253 -- Interview Surveys 258 -- Telephone Surveys 262 -- New Technologies and Survey Research 265 -- Comparison of the Different Survey Methods 267 -- Strengths and Weaknesses of Survey Research 268 -- Secondary Analysis 269 -- 10 Qualitative Field Research 274 -- Topics Appropriate to Field Research 275 -- Special Considerations in Qualitative Field Research 277 -- Some Qualitative Field Research Paradigms 281 -- Conducting Qualitative Field Research 290 -- Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Field Research 298 -- Research Ethics in Qualitative Field Research 300 -- 11 Unobtrusive Measures 303 -- Content Analysis 304 -- Analyzing Existing Statistics 315 -- Historical/Comparative Analysis 322 -- 12 Evaluation Research 331 -- Topics Appropriate to Evaluation Research 333 -- Formulating the Problem: Issues of Measurement 334 -- Types of Evaluation Research Designs 338 -- The Social Context 344 -- Social Indicators Research 351 -- Part 4 Analysis of Data 356 -- 13 Qualitative Data Analysis 358 -- Linking Theory and Analysis 359 -- Qualitative Data Processing 364 -- Computer Programs for Qualitative Data 370 -- 14 Quantifying Data 383 -- Computers in Social Research 384 -- Coding 387 -- Coding and Data Entry Options 390 -- Data Cleaning 392 -- 15 Elementary Quantitative Analyses 396 -- Univariate Analysis 397 -- Subgroup Comparisons 403 -- Bivariate Analysis 406 -- Introduction to Multivariate Analysis 412 -- 16 The Elaboration Model 416 -- The Origins of the Elaboration Model 417 -- The Elaboration Paradigm 421 -- Elaboration and Ex Post Facto Hypothesizing 430 -- 17 Social Statistics 434 -- The Danger of Success in Math 435 -- Descriptive Statistics 436 -- Other Multivariate Techniques 446 -- Inferential Statistics 452 -- Part 5 The Social Context of Research 466 -- 18 The Ethics and Politics of Social Research 468 -- Ethical Issues in Social Research 470 -- Two Ethical Controversies 479 -- The Politics of Social Research 481 -- 19 The Uses of Social Research 490 -- Theory -- Data Collection -- Analysis 491 -- Everyday Uses of Social Research Skills 492 -- A Consumer's Guide to Social Research 493 -- A Using the Library 2 -- B Social Research in Cyberspace 8 -- C The Research Report 16 -- D GSS Household Enumeration Questionnaire 23 -- E Random Numbers 33 -- F Distribution of Chi Square 35 -- G Normal Curve Areas 37 -- H Estimated Sampling Error 38 -- I A Learner's Guide to SPSS 8.0 40 -- J Twenty Questions a Journalist Should Ask about Poll Results 75 ER -