Zil Hasnain, Phd in Education, 2019-2022 Supervised by Dr. Ayaz Muhammad Khan
Integrating theories of social economic and educational system to develop a model of factors affecting student's academic performance in higher education of Punjab, Pakistan
/ Zil Hasnain
- Lahore : Division of Education, University of Education, 2022
- 226 p. CD
Diversity of human thoughts is caused due to diversity of their environment, culture, social system, economic status, relationships around them. Such diversity of human personality and thoughts can be minimized to focus them around a national or global objectives if all the factors affecting their personality and learning may remain same. Education is considered a source of transformation of human beings according to social and economic objective of a country. Educational institutions give a reflection of environment, social and economic perspective of national objectives regarding economy and society along with theoretical knowledge. In modern competitive world educational institutions also have to compete in educational market for attraction of more and more students, financial resources and to develop university image for students’ future career as well as university ranking. Such competitive environment in educational market promotes a customer and seller relationship between students and teachers. On the other side only universities are considered responsible for students’ academic achievement but it is not always the case. This research has use the European customer satisfaction index model with some modifications for analysis of university environment. The Social capitalism theory, and social learning theory were used for the purpose of considering social and economic factors in students’ life affecting their educational achievement. This research has considered “Educational Expectations”, Parents’ “Job Status”, & “Family Income” as “Economic Factors” while “Social Support”, “Access in Community”, & “Gender Discrimination”, were considered as “Social Factors” and “University Environment”, “Teaching Quality”, & “Administrative Quality” were considered as “Educational Environmental Factors” affecting “Student Satisfaction” and ultimately affecting “Students Academic Achievement”. This study has followed sequential mixed research design. First part of the research analyzed and interpreted quantitative research data, collected through seven (07) point Likert scale questionnaire, using exploratory (for instrument development) and confirmatory factor analysis. For this purpose AMOS SPSS was be used. Path factor analysis was used to analyze strength of influence of independent and mediating variables on the dependent variables. But such numerical analysis requires interpretation in words therefore qualitative data analysis was also done using grounded theory for analysis of qualitative research data collected through interviews. For this purpose NVivo was used for codding and formulation of themes. “Family Income” as Economic Factor, “Gender Discrimination” as social factor while “Teaching Quality” and “University Administrative Quality” as Educational environmental factors have strong and significant effect on student satisfaction and students’ academic achievement. Other factors have mediating or week effect on student academic achievement. The results proposed that government institutions must have to ensure equal distribution of wealth, educational and other opportunities, Society must have to think above all types of discriminations and must consider children or youth as collective responsibility of their development and growth. Universities have to streamline their academic environment with the actual economic and social world. Secondly all scholarships or such financial supports should be provided as reward not as help. While policymakers have to give equal importance to social, economic and educational factors. Subsequent researchers are proposed to take in depth analysis of causes of gap between social, economic and educational institutions and to discover their preemptive measures.
(hbk)
Education--Social, Economic and Educational System--Higher Educaton