TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hafiza Gul Afshan,
TI  - Developmental Toxicities Induced by a Sub Lethal Dose of Arsenic and its Amelioration by Ginger
U1  - 591.8 
PY  - 2019///
CY  - Lahore
PB  - Department of Zoology, Div. S&T University of Education
KW  - Toxicities - Arsenic - Amelioration - Ginger - Zoology
N2  - Arsenic is a heavy metal rich in our ground water. The level of arsenic toxicity  is dependent on its form i.e. organic or inorganic. Different organ systems of humans are affected by arsenic including skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous,  and gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and nervous systems. Aims of this experiment  were to study different developmental malformations by using sub lethal dose of  sodium arsenate and preventive role of ginger (a traditional spice) in minimizing the  intensities of these toxicities. For this purpose chick embryo was used as model  organism. Fertilized eggs of Gallus gallus domesticus were divided into four groups  and incubated at ± 37℃. On 7th day of incubation dose group was injected with  0.05ml prepared dose of sodium arsenate (a sub lethal dose) in albumen.  Dose+Antidote group received 0.05ml of sodium arsenate along with a gap of a  minute. Antidote group was injected with 0.05ml of antidote. Control group was  kept control (Untreated). Embryos were recovered on 21st day of incubation.  Morphological; morphometrical and histological examination of embryo were done after the recovery. Developmental malformations caused by exposure to sodium  arsenate included reduction in embryo viability, body weight, dullness, increased  thirst and death of embryo. Other abnormalities studied were decrease in body weight,  crown rump and beak length, head and eye circumference, fore and hind limb length.  Histological disruptions which were observed include venous congestion, necrosis in  hepatocytes and sinusoidal dilations. Ginger lessens histological disruptions cause by  arsenic. These findings clearly indicate that arsenic cause disorders in developing  chicks. Antidote Zingiber officinale have protective effect against ginger and reduce  the toxic effects of sodium arsenate. Keywords: Sodium arsenate, Zingiber officinale toxicity of chick embryo, antidote
ER  -