Amanullah Choudhry,  MPhil(Chemistry)  2015-2017  Supervised by Dr.Asrar Ahmed <br/><br/>
Determination of Heavy Metal Contaminants (As, Cr, Pb) in Leafy Vegetables Cultivated and Marketed in the District Jhang, Pakistan 
/Amanullah Choudhry 
 - Lahore :  Department of Chemistry, Div. S&T, University of Education,  2018 
 - 67 p.  xi  CD 
<br/><br/> ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬The amounts of metalloid such as arsenic (As),and heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) present in five different green leafy vegetables namely “Fenugreek” (Trigonella Foenum), “Coriander” (Corianderum Satvium), “ Spinach”(Spinacia Oleracea), “Cabbage”(Brassica Oleracea), “purslane”(Portulaca Oleracea), of two different sites A & B were determined. Site A contained the vegetables which were irrigated by fresh water pumped by tube wells, while the vegetables of site B were irrigated by sewage water of suburban area of Jhang Sadar of district Jhang. The heavy metal contents ( As, Cr, Pb) of soils of site A and Site B were  measured. Samples of fresh irrigation water and sewage irrigation water were analyzed for presence of  heavy metals (As, Cr, Pb).The contents of arsenic (As) in vegetables fenugreek, coriander, spinach, cabbage, purslane of site A and site B were 0.922, 0.856, 1.264, 1.524. 0.258 µg/kg and 1.764, 1.629, 1.924, 1.823, 1.247 µg/kg respectively. The concentrations of chromium (Cr) in the same samples of both sites were 1.898, 2.654, 2.827, 2.964, 1.745 µg/kg and 3.154, 3.423, 3.858, 4.164, 3.585 µg/kg. Likewise the amounts of lead (Pb) were 1.922, 2.416, 2.346, 1.926, 1.854 µg/kg and 4.624, 4.137, 4.864, 4.668, 4.727 µg/kg. The concentrations of arsenic(As), chromium(Cr), and lead(Pb) in soil samples of site A and Site B were 1.546, 3.437, 4.297 µg/kg and 8.532, 14.845, 12.767 µg/kg while the concentrations of same heavy metals in samples of fresh water and sewage water were 0.015, 0.142, 0.423 µg/L and 2.848, 3.933, 10.452 µg/L. The amounts of contaminants in samples of vegetables irrigated by sewage water were higher than the contents of heavy metals irrigated by sewage water which indicated the harm of use of sewage water in cultivation of vegetables. The concentrations of heavy metals As, Cr, and Pb in spinach were found to be higher than other vegetable samples. It seemed that spinach had higher probability to take up and assimilate contaminants. 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Heavy Metal - Leafy Vegetables - District Jhang - Chemistry
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>547.04  / D4807