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Software engineering : (Record no. 525)

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000 -LEADER
fixed length control field 27007cam a22002174a 4500
001 - CONTROL NUMBER
control field 1754
005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION
control field 20200702111054.0
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
fixed length control field 031204s2005 maua b 001 0 eng
020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER
International Standard Book Number 9780071240833
040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE
Transcribing agency PK
082 00 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER
Classification number 005.1
Edition number 22
Item number P9357
100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Pressman, Roger S.
245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT
Title Software engineering :
Remainder of title a practitioner's approach /
Statement of responsibility, etc Roger S. Pressman.
250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT
Edition statement 6th ed.
260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT)
Place of publication, distribution, etc Boston, Mass. :
Name of publisher, distributor, etc McGraw-Hill,
Date of publication, distribution, etc 2005
300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Extent 912 p.
500 ## - GENERAL NOTE
General note includes index
650 #0 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM
Topical term or geographic name as entry element Software engineering.
942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA)
Koha item type Books
505 0# - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE
Formatted contents note Table of contents>><br/>Part one-the product and the process 1<br/>Chapter 1 the product 3<br/>1.1 the evolving role of software 4<br/>1.2 software 6<br/> 1.2.1 software characteristics 6<br/> 1.2.2 software applications 9<br/>1.3 software: a crisis on the horizon? 11<br/>1.4 software myths 12<br/>1.5 summary 15<br/>References 15<br/>Problems and points to ponder 16<br/>Further readings and information sources 17<br/>Chapter 2 the process 19<br/>2.1 software engineering: a layered technology 20<br/> 2.1.1 process, methods, and tools 20<br/> 2.1.2 a generic view of software engineering 21<br/>2.2 the software process 23<br/>2.3 software process models 26<br/>2.4 the linear sequential model 28<br/>2.5 the prototyping model 30<br/>2.6 the rad model 32<br/>2.7 evolutionary software process models 34<br/> 2.7.1 the incremental model 35<br/> 2.7.2 the spiral model 36<br/> 2.7.3 the winwin spiral model 38<br/> 2.7.4 the concurrent development model 40<br/>2.8 component-based development 42<br/>2.9 the formal methods model 43<br/>2.10 fourth generation techniques 44<br/>2.11 process technology 46<br/>2.12 product and process 46<br/>2.13 summary 47<br/>References 47<br/>Problems and points to ponder 49<br/>Further readings and information sources 50<br/>Part two-managing software projects 53<br/>Chapter 3 project management concepts 55<br/>3.1 the management spectrum 56<br/> 3.1.1 the people 56<br/> 3.1.2 the product 57<br/> 3.1.2 the process 57<br/> 3.1.3 the project 57<br/>3.2 people 58<br/> 3.2.1 the players 58<br/> 3.2.2 team leaders 59<br/> 3.2.3 the software team 60<br/> 3.2.4 coordination and communication issues 65<br/>3.3 the product 67<br/> 3.3.1 software scope 67<br/> 3.3.2 problem decomposition 67<br/>3.4 the process 68<br/> 3.4.1 melding the product and the process 69<br/> 3.4.2 process decomposition 70<br/>3.5 the project 71<br/>3.6 the w5hh principle 73<br/>3.7 critical practices 74<br/>3.8 summary 74<br/>References 75<br/>Problems and points to ponder 76<br/>Further readings and information sources 77<br/>Chapter 4 software process and project metrics 79<br/>4.1 measures, metrics, and indicators 80<br/>4.2 metrics in the process and project domains 81<br/> 4.2.1 process metrics and software process <br/>Improvement 82<br/> 4.2.2 project metrics 86<br/>4.3 software measurement 87<br/> 4.3.1 size-oriented metrics 88<br/> 4.3.2 function-oriented metrics 89<br/> 4.3.3 extended function point metrics 91<br/>4.4 reconciling different metrics approaches 94<br/>4.5 metrics for software quality 95<br/> 4.5.1 an overview of factors that affect quality 95<br/> 4.5.2 measuring quality 96<br/> 4.5.3 defect removal efficiency 98<br/>4.6 integrating metrics within the software engineering process 98<br/> 4.6.1 arguments for software metrics 99<br/> 4.6.2 establishing a baseline 100<br/> 4.6.3 metrics collection, computation, and <br/>Evaluation 100<br/>4.7 managing variation: statistical quality control 100<br/>4.8 metrics for small organizations 104<br/>4.9 establishing a software metrics program 105<br/>4.10 summary 107<br/>References 107<br/>Problems and points to ponder 109<br/>Further readings and information sources 110<br/>Chapter 5 software project planning 113<br/>5.1 observations on estimating 114<br/>5.2 project planning objectives 115<br/>5.3 software scope 115<br/> 5.3.1 obtaining information necessary for scope 116<br/> 5.3.2 feasibility 117<br/> 5.3.3 a scoping example 118<br/>5.4 resources 120<br/> 5.4.1 human resources 121<br/> 5.4.2 reusable software resources 121<br/> 5.4.3 environmental resources 122<br/>5.5 software project estimation 123<br/>5.6 decomposition techniques 124<br/> 5.6.1 software sizing 124<br/> 5.6.2 problem-based estimation 126<br/> 5.6.3 an example of loc-based estimation 128<br/> 5.6.4 an example of fp-based estimation 129<br/> 5.6.4 process-based estimation 130<br/> 5.6.5 an example of process-based estimation 131<br/>5.7 empirical estimation models 132<br/> 5.7.1 the structure of estimation models 132<br/> 5.7.2 the cocomo model 133<br/> 5.7.3 the software equation 135<br/>5.8 the make/buy decision 136<br/> 5.8.1 creating a decision tree 137<br/> 5.8.2 outsourcing 138<br/>5.9 automated estimation tools 139<br/>5.10 summary 140<br/>References 140<br/>Problems and points to ponder 141<br/>Further readings and information sources 142<br/>Chapter 6 risk analysis and management 145<br/>6.1 reactive versus proactive risk strategies 146<br/>6.2 software risks 146<br/>6.3 risk identification 148<br/> 6.3.1 assessing overall project risk 149<br/> 6.3.2 risk components and drivers 149<br/>6.4 risk projection 151<br/> 6.4.1 developing a risk table 151<br/> 6.4.2 assessing risk impact 153<br/> 6.4.3 risk assessment 154<br/>6.5 risk refinement 156<br/>6.6 risk mitigation, monitoring, and management 156<br/>6.7 safety risks and hazards 158<br/>6.8 the rmmm plan 159<br/>6.9 summary 159<br/>References 160<br/>Problems and points to ponder 161<br/>Further readings and information sources 162<br/>Chapter 7 project scheduling and tracking 165<br/>7.1 basic concepts 166<br/> 7.1.1 comments on "lateness" 167<br/> 7.2.1 basic principles 168<br/>7.2 the relationship between people and effort 170<br/> 7.2.1 an example 170<br/> 7.2.2 an empirical relationship 171<br/> 7.2.3 effort distribution 172<br/>7.3 defining a task set for the software project 172<br/> 7.3.1 degree of rigor 173<br/> 7.3.2 defining adaptation criteria 174<br/> 7.3.3 computing a task set selector value 175<br/> 7.3.4 interpreting the tss value and selecting the task <br/>Set 176<br/>7.4 selecting software engineering tasks 177<br/>7.5 refinement of major tasks 178<br/>7.6 defining a task network 180<br/>7.7 scheduling 181<br/> 7.7.1 timeline charts 182<br/> 7.7.2 tracking the schedule 185<br/>7.8 earned value analysis 186<br/>7.9 error tracking 187<br/>7.10 the project plan 189<br/>7.11 summary 189<br/>References 189<br/>Problems and points to ponder 190<br/>Further readings and information sources 192<br/>Chapter 8 software quality assurance 193<br/>8.1 quality concepts 194<br/> 8.1.1 quality 195<br/> 8.1.2 quality control 196<br/> 8.1.3 quality assurance 196<br/> 8.1.4 cost of quality 196<br/>8.2 the quality movement 198<br/>8.3 software quality assurance 199<br/> 8.3.1 background issues 200<br/> 8.3.2 sqa activities 201<br/>8.4 software reviews 202<br/> 8.4.1 cost impact of software defects 203<br/> 8.4.2 defect amplification and removal 204<br/>8.5 formal technical reviews 205<br/> 8.5.1 the review meeting 206<br/> 8.5.2 review reporting and record keeping 207<br/> 8.5.3 review guidelines 207<br/>8.6 formal approaches to sqa 209<br/>8.7 statistical software quality assurance 209<br/>8.8 software reliability 212<br/> 8.8.1 measures of reliability and availability 212<br/> 8.8.2 software safety 213<br/>8.9 mistake-proofing for software 214<br/>8.10 the iso 9000 quality standards 216<br/> 8.10.1 the iso approach to quality assurance systems 217<br/> 8.10.2 the iso 9001 standard 217<br/>8.11 the sqa plan 218<br/>8.12 summary 219<br/>References 220<br/>Problems and points to ponder 221<br/>Further readings and information sources 222<br/>Chapter 9 software configuration management 225<br/>9.1 software configuration management 226<br/> 9.1.1 baselines 227<br/> 9.1.2 software configuration items 228<br/>9.2 the scm process 230<br/>9.3 identification of objects in the software configuration 230<br/>9.4 version control 232<br/>9.5 change control 234<br/>9.6 configuration audit 237<br/>9.7 status reporting 237<br/>9.8 scm standards 238<br/>9.9 summary 238<br/>References 239<br/>Problems and points to ponder 239<br/>Further readings and information sources 240<br/>Part three-conventional methods for software engineering 243<br/>Chapter 10 system engineering 245<br/>10.1 computer-based systems 246<br/>10.2 the system engineering hierarchy 248<br/> 10.2.1 system modeling 249<br/> 10.2.2 system simulation 251<br/>10.3 business process engineering: an overview 251<br/>10.4 product engineering: an overview 254<br/>10.5 requirements engineering 256<br/> 10.5.1 requirements elicitation 256<br/> 10.5.2 requirements analysis and negotiation 258<br/> 10.5.3 requirements specification 259<br/> 10.5.4 system modeling 259<br/> 10.5.5 requirements validation 260<br/> 10.5.6 requirements management 261<br/>10.6 system modeling 262<br/>10.7 summary 265<br/>References 267<br/>Problems and points to ponder 267<br/>Further readings and information sources 269<br/>Chapter 11 analysis concepts and principles 271<br/>11.1 requirements analysis 272<br/>11.2 requirements elicitation for software 274<br/> 11.2.1 initiating the process 274<br/> 11.2.2 facilitated application specification techniques 275<br/> 11.2.3 quality function deployment 279<br/> 11.2.4 use-cases 280<br/>11.3 analysis principles 282<br/> 11.3.1 the information domain 283<br/> 11.3.2 modeling 285<br/> 11.3.3 partitioning 286<br/> 11.3.4 essential and implementation views 288<br/>11.4 software prototyping 289<br/> 11.4.1 selecting the prototyping approach 289<br/> 11.4.2 prototyping methods and tools 290<br/>11.5 specification 291<br/> 11.5.1 specification principles 291<br/> 11.5.2 representation 292<br/> 11.5.3 the software requirements specification 293<br/>11.6 specification review 294<br/>11.7 summary 294<br/>References 295<br/>Problems and points to ponder 296<br/>Further readings and information sources 297<br/>Chapter 12 analysis modeling 299<br/>12.1 a brief history 300<br/>12.2 the elements of the analysis model 301<br/>12.3 data modeling 302<br/> 12.3.1 data objects, attributes, and relationships 302<br/> 12.3.2 cardinality and modality 305<br/> 12.3.3 entity/relationship diagrams 307<br/>12.4 functional modeling and information flow 309<br/> 12.4.1 data flow diagrams 311<br/> 12.4.2 extensions for real-time systems 312<br/> 12.4.3 ward and mellor extensions 312<br/> 12.4.4 hatley and pirbhai extensions 315<br/>12.5 behavioral modeling 317<br/>12.6 the mechanics of structured analysis 319<br/> 12.6.1 creating an entity/relationship diagram 319<br/> 12.6.2 creating a data flow model 321<br/> 12.6.3 creating a control flow model 324<br/> 12.6.4 the control specification 325<br/> 12.6.5 the process specification 327<br/>12.7 the data dictionary 328<br/>12.8 other classical analysis methods 330<br/>12.9 summary 331<br/>References 331<br/>Problems and points to ponder 332<br/>Further readings and information sources 334<br/>Chapter 13 design concepts and principles 335<br/>13.1 software design and software engineering 336<br/>13.2 the design process 338<br/> 13.2.1 design and software quality 338<br/> 13.2.2 the evolution of software design 339<br/>13.3 design principles 340<br/>13.4 design concepts 341<br/> 13.4.1 abstraction 342<br/> 13.4.2 refinement 343<br/> 13.4.3 modularity 343<br/> 13.4.4 software architecture 346<br/> 13.4.5 control hierarchy 347<br/> 13.4.6 structural partitioning 348<br/> 13.4.7 data structure 349<br/> 13.4.8 software procedure 351<br/> 13.4.9 information hiding 351<br/>13.5 effective modular design 352<br/> 13.5.1 functional independence 352<br/> 13.5.2 cohesion 353<br/> 13.5.3 coupling 354<br/>13.6 design heuristics for effective modularity 355<br/>13.7 the design model 357<br/>13.8 design documentation 358<br/>13.9 summary 359<br/>References 359<br/>Problems and points to ponder 361<br/>Further readings and information sources 362<br/>Chapter 14 architectural design 365<br/>14.1 software architecture 366<br/> 14.1.1 what is architecture? 366<br/> 14.1.2 why is architecture important? 367<br/>14.2 data design 368<br/> 14.2.1 data modeling, data structures, databases, and the data <br/> warehouse 368<br/> 14.2.2 data design at the component level 369<br/>14.3 architectural styles 371<br/> 14.3.1 a brief taxonomy of styles and patterns 371<br/> 14.3.2 organization and refinement 374<br/>14.4 analyzing alternative architectural designs 375<br/> 14.4.1 an architecture trade-off analysis method 375<br/> 14.4.2 quantitative guidance for architectural design 376<br/> 14.4.3 architectural complexity 378<br/>14.5 mapping requirements into a software architecture 378<br/> 14.5.1 transform flow 379<br/> 14.5.2 transaction flow 380<br/>14.6 transform mapping 380<br/> 14.6.1 an example 380<br/> 14.6.2 design steps 381<br/>14.7 transaction mapping 389<br/> 14.7.1 an example 390<br/> 14.7.2 design steps 390<br/>14.8 refining the architectural design 394<br/>14.9 summary 395<br/>References 396<br/>Problems and points to ponder 397<br/>Further readings and information sources 399<br/>Chapter 15 user interface design 401<br/>15.1 the golden rules 402<br/> 15.1.1 place the user in control 402<br/> 15.1.2 reduce the user's memory load 404<br/> 15.1.3 make the interface consistent 404<br/>15.2 user interface design 405<br/> 15.2.1 interface design models 405<br/> 15.2.2 the user interface design process 407<br/>15.3 task analysis and modeling 408<br/>15.4 interface design activities 410<br/> 15.4.1 defining interface objects and actions 410<br/> 15.4.2 design issues 413<br/>15.5 implementation tools 415<br/>15.6 design evaluation 416<br/>15.7 summary 418<br/>References 418<br/>Problems and points to ponder 419<br/>Further readings and information sources 420<br/>Chapter 16 component-level design 423<br/>16.1 structured programming 424<br/> 16.1.1 graphical design notation 425<br/> 16.1.2 tabular design notation 427<br/> 16.1.3 program design language 429<br/> 16.1.4 a pdl example 430<br/>16.2 comparison of design notation 432<br/>16.3 summary 433<br/>References 433<br/>Problems and points to ponder 434<br/>Further readings and information sources 435<br/>Chapter 17 software testing techniques 437<br/>17.1 software testing fundamentals 438<br/> 17.1.1 testing objectives 439<br/> 17.1.2 testing principles 439<br/> 17.1.3 testability 440<br/>17.2 test case design 443<br/>17.3 white-box testing 444<br/>17.4 basis path testing 445<br/> 17.4.1 flow graph notation 445<br/> 17.4.2 cyclomatic complexity 446<br/> 17.4.3 deriving test cases 449<br/> 17.4.4 graph matrices 452<br/>17.5 control structure testing 454<br/> 17.5.1 condition testing 454<br/> 17.5.2 data flow testing 456<br/> 17.5.3 loop testing 458<br/>17.6 black-box testing 459<br/> 17.6.1 graph-based testing methods 460<br/> 17.6.2 equivalence partitioning 463<br/> 17.6.3 boundary value analysis 465<br/> 17.6.4 comparison testing 465<br/> 17.6.5 orthogonal array testing 466<br/>17.7 testing for specialized environments, architectures, and <br/>Applications 468<br/> 17.7.1 testing guis 469<br/> 17.7.2 testing of client/server architectures 469<br/> 17.7.3 testing documentation and help facilities 469<br/> 17.7.4 testing for real-time systems 470<br/>17.8 summary 472<br/>References 473<br/>Problems and points to ponder 474<br/>Further readings and information sources 475<br/>Chapter 18 software testing strategies 477<br/>18.1 a strategic approach to software testing 478<br/> 18.1.1 verification and validation 479<br/> 18.1.2 organizing for software testing 479<br/> 18.1.3 a software testing strategy 480<br/> 18.1.4 criteria for completion of testing 482<br/>18.2 strategic issues 484<br/>18.3 unit testing 485<br/> 18.3.1 unit test considerations 485<br/> 18.3.2 unit test procedures 487<br/>18.4 integration testing 488<br/> 18.4.1 top-down integration 488<br/> 18.4.2 bottom-up integration 490<br/> 18.4.3 regression testing 491<br/> 18.4.4 smoke testing 492<br/> 18.4.5 comments on integration testing 493<br/> 18.4.6 integration test documentation 494<br/>18.5 validation testing 495<br/> 18.5.1 validation test criteria 495<br/> 18.5.2 configuration review 496<br/> 18.5.3 alpha and beta testing 496<br/>18.6 system testing 496<br/> 18.6.1 recovery testing 497<br/> 18.6.2 security testing 497<br/> 18.6.3 stress testing 498<br/> 18.6.4 performance testing 498<br/>18.7 the art of debugging 499<br/> 18.7.1 the debugging process 499<br/> 18.7.2 psychological considerations 500<br/> 18.7.3 debugging approaches 501<br/>18.8 summary 502<br/>References 503<br/>Problems and points to ponder 504<br/>Further readings and information sources 505<br/>Chapter 19 technical metrics for software 507<br/>19.1 software quality 508<br/> 19.1.1 mccall's quality factors 509<br/> 19.1.2 furps 511<br/> 19.1.3 iso 9126 quality factors 513<br/> 19.1.4 the transition to a quantitative view 513<br/>19.2 a framework for technical software metrics 514<br/> 19.2.1 the challenge of technical metrics 514<br/> 19.2.2 measurement principles 515<br/> 19.2.3 the attributes of effective software metrics 516<br/>19.3 metrics for the analysis model 517<br/> 19.3.1 function-based metrics 518<br/> 19.3.2 the bang metric 520<br/> 19.3.3 metrics for specification quality 522<br/>19.4 metrics for the design model 523<br/> 19.4.1 architectural design metrics 523<br/> 19.4.2 component-level design metrics 526<br/> 19.4.3 interface design metrics 530<br/>19.5 metrics for source code 531<br/>19.6 metrics for testing 532<br/>19.7 metrics for maintenance 533<br/>19.8 summary 534<br/>References 534<br/>Problems and points to ponder 536<br/>Further reading and other information sources 537<br/>Part four-object-oriented software engineering 539<br/>Chapter 20 object-oriented concepts and <br/>Principles 541<br/>20.1 the object-oriented paradigm 542<br/>20.2 object-oriented concepts 544<br/> 20.2.1 classes and objects 546<br/> 20.2.2 attributes 547<br/> 20.2.3 operations, methods, and services 548<br/> 20.2.4 messages 548<br/> 20.2.5 encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism 550<br/>20.3 identifying the elements of an object model 553<br/> 20.3.1 identifying classes and objects 553<br/> 20.3.2 specifying attributes 557<br/> 20.3.3 defining operations 558<br/> 20.3.4 finalizing the object definition 559<br/>20.4 management of object-oriented software projects 560<br/> 20.4.1 the common process framework for oo 560<br/> 20.4.2 oo project metrics and estimation 562<br/> 20.4.3 an oo estimating and scheduling approach 564<br/> 20.4.4 tracking progress for an oo project 565<br/>20.5 summary 566<br/>References 566<br/>Problems and points to ponder 567<br/>Further readings and information sources 568<br/>Chapter 21 object-oriented analysis 571<br/>21.1 object-oriented analysis 572<br/> 21.1.1 conventional vs. Oo approaches 572<br/> 21.1.2 the ooa landscape 573<br/> 21.1.3 a unified approach to ooa 575<br/>21.2 domain analysis 576<br/> 21.2.1 reuse and domain analysis 577<br/> 21.2.2 the domain analysis process 577<br/>21.3 generic components of the oo analysis model 579<br/>21.4 the ooa process 581<br/> 21.4.1 use-cases 581<br/> 21.4.2 class-responsibility-collaborator modeling 582<br/> 21.4.3 defining structures and hierarchies 588<br/> 21.4.4 defining subjects and subsystems 590<br/>21.5 the object-relationship model 591<br/>21.6 the object-behavior model 594<br/> 21.6.1 event identification with use-cases 594<br/> 21.6.2 state representations 595<br/>21.7 summary 598<br/>References 599<br/>Problems and points to ponder 600<br/>Further readings and information sources 601<br/>Chapter 22 object-oriented design 603<br/>22.1 design for object-oriented systems 604<br/> 22.1.1 conventional vs. Oo approaches 605<br/> 22.1.2 design issues 607<br/> 22.1.3 the ood landscape 608<br/> 22.1.4 a unified approach to ood 610<br/>22.2 the system design process 611<br/> 22.2.1 partitioning the analysis model 612<br/> 22.2.2 concurrency and subsystem allocation 613<br/> 22.2.3 the task management component 614<br/> 22.2.4 the user interface component 615<br/> 22.2.5 the data management component 615<br/> 22.2.6 the resource management component 616<br/> 22.2.7 intersubsystem communication 616<br/>22.3 the object design process 618<br/> 22.3.1 object descriptions 618<br/> 22.3.2 designing algorithms and data structures 619<br/> 22.3.3 program components and interfaces 621<br/>22.4 design patterns 624<br/> 22.4.1 describing a design pattern 624<br/> 22.4.2 using patterns in design 625<br/>22.5 object-oriented programming 625<br/>22.6 summary 626<br/>References 627<br/>Problems and points to ponder 628<br/>Further readings and information sources 629<br/>Chapter 23 object-oriented testing 631<br/>23.1 broadening the view of testing 632<br/>23.2 testing ooa and ood models 633<br/> 23.2.1 correctness of ooa and ood models 633<br/> 23.2.2 consistency of ooa and ood models 634<br/>23.3 object-oriented testing strategies 636<br/> 23.3.1 unit testing in the oo context 636<br/> 23.3.2 integration testing in the oo context 637<br/> 23.3.3 validation testing in an oo context 637<br/>23.4 test case design for oo software 637<br/> 23.4.1 the test case design implications of oo concepts 638<br/> 23.4.2 applicability of conventional test case design <br/> methods 638<br/> 23.4.3 fault-based testing 639<br/> 23.4.4 the impact of oo programming on testing 640<br/> 23.4.5 test cases and the class hierarchy 641<br/> 23.4.6 scenario-based test design 641<br/> 23.4.7 testing surface structure and deep structure 643<br/>23.5 testing methods applicable at the class level 644<br/> 23.5.1 random testing for oo classes 644<br/> 23.5.2 partition testing at the class level 644<br/>23.6 interclass test case design 645<br/> 23.6.1 multiple class testing 645<br/> 23.6.2 tests derived from behavior models 647<br/>23.7 summary 648<br/>References 649<br/>Problems and points to ponder 649<br/>Further readings and information sources 650<br/>Chapter 24 technical metrics for object-oriented <br/> systems 653<br/>24.1 the intent of object-oriented metrics 654<br/>24.2 the distinguishing characteristics of object-oriented metrics 654<br/> 24.2.1 localization 655<br/> 24.2.2 encapsulation 655<br/> 24.2.3 information hiding 655<br/> 24.2.4 inheritance 656<br/> 24.2.5 abstraction 656<br/>24.3 metrics for the oo design model 656<br/>24.4 class-oriented metrics 658<br/> 24.4.1 the ck metrics suite 658<br/> 24.4.2 metrics proposed by lorenz and kidd 661<br/> 24.4.3 the mood metrics suite 662<br/>24.5 operation-oriented metrics 664<br/>24.6 metrics for object-oriented testing 664<br/>24.7 metrics for object-oriented projects 665<br/>24.8 summary 666<br/>References 667<br/>Problems and points to ponder 668<br/>Further readings and information sources 669<br/>Part five-advanced topics in software engineering 671<br/>Chapter 25 formal methods 673<br/>25.1 basic concepts 674<br/> 25.1.1 deficiencies of less formal approaches 675<br/> 25.1.2 mathematics in software development 676<br/> 25.1.3 formal methods concepts 677<br/>25.2 mathematical preliminaries 682<br/> 25.2.1 sets and constructive specification 683<br/> 25.2.2 set operators 684<br/> 25.2.3 logic operators 686<br/> 25.2.4 sequences 686<br/>25.3 applying mathematical notation for formal specification 687<br/>25.4 formal specification languages 689<br/>25.5 using z to represent an example software component 690<br/>25.6 the ten commandments of formal methods 693<br/>25.7 formal methods-the road ahead 694<br/>25.8 summary 695<br/>References 695<br/>Problems and points to ponder 696<br/>Further readings and information sources 697<br/>Chapter 26 cleanroom software engineering 699<br/>26.1 the cleanroom approach 700<br/> 26.1.1 the cleanroom strategy 701<br/> 26.1.2 what makes cleanroom different? 703<br/>26.2 functional specification 703<br/> 26.2.1 black-box specification 705<br/> 26.2.2 state-box specification 705<br/> 26.2.3 clear-box specification 706<br/>26.3 cleanroom design 706<br/> 26.3.1 design refinement and verification 707<br/> 26.3.2 advantages of design verification 710<br/>26.4 cleanroom testing 712<br/> 26.4.1 statistical use testing 712<br/> 26.4.2 certification 714<br/>26.5 summary 714<br/>References 715<br/>Problems and points to ponder 716<br/>Further readings and information sources 717<br/>Chapter 27 component-based software <br/>Engineering 721<br/>27.1 engineering of component-based systems 722<br/>27.2 the cbse process 724<br/>27.3 domain engineering 725<br/> 27.3.1 the domain analysis process 726<br/> 27.3.2 characterization functions 727<br/> 27.3.3 structural modeling and structure points 728<br/>27.4 component-based development 730<br/> 27.4.1 component qualification, adaptation, and <br/> composition 730<br/> 27.4 2 component engineering 734<br/> 27.4.3 analysis and design for reuse 734<br/>27.5 classifying and retrieving components 735<br/> 27.5.1 describing reusable components 736<br/> 27.5.2 the reuse environment 738<br/>27.6 economics of cbse 739<br/> 27.6.1 impact on quality, productivity, and cost 739<br/> 27.6.2 cost analysis using structure points 741<br/> 27.6.3 reuse metrics 741<br/>27.7 summary 742<br/>References 743<br/>Problems and points to ponder 744<br/>Further readings and information sources 745<br/>Chapter 28 client/server software engineering 747<br/>28.1 the structure of client/server systems 748<br/> 28.1.1 software components for c/s systems 750<br/> 28.1.2 the distribution of software components 750<br/> 28.1.3 guidelines for distributing application subsystems 752<br/> 28.1.4 linking c/s software subsystems 753<br/> 28.1.5 middleware and object request broker architectures 753<br/>28.2 software engineering for c/s systems 755<br/>28.3 analysis modeling issues 755<br/>28.4 design for c/s systems 755<br/> 28.4.1 architectural design for client/server systems 756<br/> 28.4.2 conventional design approaches for application <br/> software 757<br/> 28.4.3 database design 758<br/> 28.4.4 an overview of a design approach 759<br/> 28.4.5 process design iteration 761<br/>28.5 testing issues 761<br/> 28.5.1 overall c/s testing strategy 762<br/> 28.5.2 c/s testing tactics 763<br/>28.6 summary 764<br/>References 764<br/>Problems and points to ponder 765<br/>Further readings and information sources 766<br/>Chapter 29 web engineering 769<br/>29.1 the attributes of web-based applications 771<br/> 29.1.1 quality attributes 773<br/> 29.1.2 the technologies 773<br/>29.2 the webe process 774<br/>29.3 a framework for webe 775<br/>29.4 formulating/analyzing web-based systems 776<br/> 29.4.1 formulation 776<br/> 29.4.2 analysis 778<br/>29.5 design for web-based applications 779<br/> 29.5.1 architectural design 780<br/> 29.5.2 navigation design 783<br/> 29.5.3 interface design 785<br/>29.6 testing web-based applications 786<br/>29.7 management issues 787<br/> 29.7.1 the webe team 788<br/> 29.7.2 project management 789<br/> 29.7.3 scm issues for webe 792<br/>29.8 summary 794<br/>References 795<br/>Problems and points to ponder 796<br/>Further readings and information sources 797<br/>Chapter 30 reengineering 799<br/>30.1 business process reengineering 800<br/> 30.1.1 business processes 800<br/> 30.1.2 principles of business process reengineering 801<br/> 30.1.3 a bpr model 802<br/> 30.1.4 words of warning 804<br/>30.2 software reengineering 804<br/> 30.2.1 software maintenance 804<br/> 30.2.2 a software reengineering process model 805<br/>30.3 reverse engineering 809<br/> 30.3.1 reverse engineering to understand processing 810<br/> 30.3.2 reverse engineering to understand data 811<br/> 30.3.3 reverse engineering user interfaces 812<br/>30.4 restructuring 813<br/> 30.4.1 code restructuring 814<br/> 30.4.2 data restructuring 814<br/>30.5 forward engineering 814<br/> 30.5.1 forward engineering for client/server architectures 816<br/> 30.5.2 forward engineering for object-oriented <br/>Architectures 817<br/> 30.5.3 forward engineering user interfaces 818<br/>30.6 the economics of reengineering 819<br/>30.7 summary 820<br/>References 820<br/>Problems and points to ponder 822<br/>Further readings and information sources 823<br/>Chapter 31 computer-aided software engineering 825<br/>31.1 what is case? 826<br/>31.2 building blocks for case 826<br/>31.3 a taxonomy of case tools 828<br/>31.4 integrated case environments 833<br/>31.5 the integration architecture 834<br/>31.6 the case repository 836<br/> 31.6.1 the role of the repository in i-case 836<br/> 31.6.2 features and content 837<br/>31.7 summary 841<br/>References 842<br/>Problems and points to ponder 842<br/>Further readings and information sources 843<br/>Chapter 32 the road ahead 845<br/>32.1 the importance of software-revisited 846<br/>32.2 the scope of change 847<br/>32.3 people and the way they build systems 847<br/>32.4 the "new" software engineering process 848<br/>32.5 new modes for representing information 849<br/>32.6 technology as a driver 851<br/>32.7 a concluding comment 852<br/>References 853<br/>Problems and points to ponder 853<br/>Further readings and information sources 853<br/>
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