Fundamentals of analytical instruments --
Colorimeters and spectrophotometers (visible-ultraviolet) --
Infrared spectrophotometers --
Flame photometers --
Atomic absorption spectrophotometers --
Fluorimeters and phosphorimeters --
Raman spectrometer --
Photoacoustic and photothermal spectrometers --
Mass spectrometer --
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer --
Electron spin resonance spectrometers --
Electron and ion spectrometers --
Radiochemical instruments --
X-ray spectrometers --
Automated chemical analysis systems --
Gas chromatographs --
Liquid chromatographs --
Thermo-analytical instruments --
Electrophoresis apparatus and densitometers --
Electrochemical instruments --
pH meters and ion analyzers --
Blood gas analyzers --
Industrial gas analyzers --
Environmental pollution monitoring instruments --
Electronic devices and circuits --
Digital circuits --
Computer-based analytical instruments.