Includes bibliographical references (p. [847]-854) and index.

Table of Contents
1. Introductory Database Concepts
1.0 Chapter Objectives
1.1 Databases in Everyday Life
1.2 A Sample Database
1.3 The Integrated Database Environment
1.4 Roles in the Integrated Database Environment
1.5 Advantages of the Integrated Database Approach
1.6 Disadvantages of the Integrated Database Approach
1.7 Historical Developments in Information Systems
1.8 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises: Exploring the Access Database for the University Example
Creating and using a Simple Access Database
SAMPLE PROJECT: Introduction to the Problem: The Art Gallery
Sample Project Steps 1.1-1.4
STUDENT PROJECTS: Introduction to Student Projects
Student Project Steps 1.1-1.4
Project One: Beta University Annual Fund
Project Two: Friendly Cars Dealership
Project Three: Pleasantville Community Theater Group
Project Four: Images Photography Studio
Project Five: Wellness Clinic - Medical Group


2. Database Planning and Database Architecture
2.0 Chapter Objectives
2.1 Data as a Resource
2.2 Characteristics of Data
2.2.1 Data and Information
2.2.2 Levels of Data
2.3 Stages in Database Design
2.3.1 Systems Analysis Approach
2.3.2 Staged Database Design Approach
2.4 Design Tools
2.4.1 Data Dictionary
2.4.2 Project Management Software
2.5 Database Administration
2.5.1 Planning and Design
2.5.2 Developing the Database
2.5.3 Database Management
2.6 The Three Level Architecture
2.6.1 External Views
2.6.2 Conceptual Model
2.6.3 Internal Model
2.6.4 Data Independence
2.7 Overview of Conceptual Data Models
2.7.1 Entity-Relationship Model
2.7.2 Relational Model
2.7.3 Object-Oriented Model
2.7.4 Object-Relational Model
2.7.5 Semistrucured Data Model
2.8 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises: Using a Diagramming Tool
Using a Project Management Tool
SAMPLE PROJECT: Applying Planning Techniques to The Art Gallery Project
Step 2.1: Designing the Data Dictionary for The Art Gallery
Step 2.2: Modifying the List of Assumptions
Step 2.3: Writing a Cross-Reference Table
Step 2.4: Project Management Planning for The Art Gallery
STUDENT PROJECTS: Applying Planning Techniques to the Student Project
Step 2.1: Designing the Data Dictionary for the Student Project
Step 2.2: Modifying the List of Assumptions
Step 2.3: Writing a Cross-Reference Table
Step 2.4: Project Management Planning for the Student Project

3. The Entity-Relationship Model
3.0 Chapter Objectives
3.1 Purpose of the E-R Model
3.2 Entities
3.3 Attributes
3.3.1 Domains
3.3.2 Null Values
3.3.3 Multivalued Attributes
3.3.4 Composite Attributes
3.3.5 Derived Attributes
3.4 Keys
3.4.1 Superkeys
3.4.2 Candidate Keys
3.4.3 Primary Keys
3.5 Relationships
3.5.1 Types of Relationships
3.5.2 Attributes of Relationship Sets
3.5.3 Cardinality of a Relationship
3.5.4 Showing Cardinality on an E-R Diagram
3.5.5 Participation Constraints
3.6 Roles
3.7 Existence Dependency and Weak Entities
3.8 A Sample E-R Diagram
3.9 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises: Drawing E-R Diagrams
SAMPLE PROJECT: Step 3.1-3.3: Creating the E-R Diagram for The Art Gallery
Step 3.4-3.5: Updating the Data Dictionary and Assumptions
STUDENT PROJECTS: Step 3.1-3.3: Creating the E-R Diagram for the Student Project
Step 3.4-3.5: Updating the Data Dictionary and Assumptions
4. The Relational Model
4.0 Chapter Objectives
4.1 Brief History of the Relational Model and SQL
4.2 Advantages of the Relational Model
4.3 Relational Data Structures
4.3.1 Tables
4.3.2 Mathematical Relations
4.3.3 Database Relations and Tables
4.3.4 Properties of Relations
4.3.5 Degree and Cardinality
4.3.6 Relation Keys
4.4 Integrity Constraints: domain, key, foreign key, general constraints
4.5 Representing Relational Database Schemas
4.6 Relational Data Manipulation Languages
4.6.1 Categories of DMLs
4.6.2 Relational Algebra: SELECT, PROJECT, Products and Joins, Division, Set Operations
4.6.3 Relational Calculus: Tuple-oriented, Domain-oriented
4.7 Views
4.8 Mapping an E-R Model to a Relational Model
4.9 Codd's Rules for a Relational Database Management System
4.10 Chapter Summary
Exercises
SAMPLE PROJECT: Step 4.1: Initial Mapping of the E-R Model to Tables for The Art Gallery
STUDENT PROJECTS: Step 4.1: Initial Mapping to Tables for the Student Project
5. Normalization
5.0 Chapter Objectives
5.1 Objectives of Normalization
5.2 Insertion, Update, and Deletion Anomalies
5.3 Functional Dependency
5.4 Superkeys, Candidate Keys and Primary Keys
5.5 The Normalization Process Using Primary Keys
5.5.1 First Normal Form
5.5.2 Full Functional Dependency and Second Normal Form
5.5.3 Transitive Dependency and Third Normal Form
5.5.4 Boyce-Codd Normal From
5.5.5 Comprehensive Example of Functional Dependencies
5.6 Properties of Relational Decompositions
5.6.1 Attribute Preservation
5.6.2 Dependency Preservation
5.6.3 Lossless Decomposition
5.7 Formal Relational Design
5.7.1 Inference Rules: Armstrong's Axioms
5.7.2 Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies
5.7.3 Closure of an Attibute
5.7.4 Identifying Redundant Functional Dependencies
5.7.5 Covers and Equivalent Sets of FDs
5.7.6 Minimal Set of Functional Dependencies
5.7.7 Finding a Minimal Cover for a Set of FDs
5.7.8 Decomposition Algorithm for Boyce-Codd Normal Form with Lossless Join
5.7.9 Synthesis Algorithm for Third Normal Form Decomposition
5.8 Multivalued Dependencies and Fourth Normal Form
5.9 Lossless Decomposition and Fifth Normal Form
5.10 Domain-Key Normal Form
5.11 The Normalization Process
5.11.1 Analysis
5.11.2 Synthesis
5.11.3 Normalizating from an Entity-Relationship Diagram
5.12 When to Stop Normalizing
5.13 Chapter Summary
Exercises
SAMPLE PROJECT: Step 5.1: Normalizing the Relational Model for The Art Gallery
Step 5.2 Updating the Data Dictionary and the List of Assumptions
STUDENT PROJECTS: Step 5.1: Normalizing the Relational Model for the Student
Project Database
Step 5.2 Updating the Data Dictionary and the List of Assumptions
6 Relational Database Management Systems and SQL
6.0 Chapter Objectives
6.1 Brief History of Relational Database Systems
6.2 Architecture of a Relational Database Management System
6.3 Defining the Database: SQL DDL
6.3.1 CREATE TABLE
6.3.1.1 Data Types
6.3.1.2 Column and Table Constraints
6.3.2 CREATE INDEX
6.3.3 ALTER TABLE, RENAME TABLE
6.3.4 DROP Statements
6.4 Manipulating the Database: SQL DML
6.4.1 Introduction to the SELECT Statement
6.4.2 SELECT Using Multiple Tables
6.4.3 SELECT with Other Operators
6.4.4 Operators for Updating: UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE
6.5 Active Databases
6.5.1 Enabling and Disabling Constraints
6.5.2 SQL Triggers
6.6 Using COMMIT and ROLLBACK Statements
6.7 SQL Programming
6.7.1 Embedded SQL
6.7.2 ODBC and JDBC
6.7.3 SQL PSMs
6.8 Creating and Using Views
6.9 The System Catalog
6.10 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises
1. Exploring the Oracle Database for University Example (provided on CD)
2. Creating and Using a Simple Database in Oracle

SAMPLE PROJECT: Step 6.1: Creating a Relational Database for The Art Gallery Using Oracle
Step 6.2: Querying and Updating the Oracle Database for The Art Gallery
Step 6.3: Programming Using SQL for The Art Gallery
STUDENT PROJECTS: Step 6.1: Creating a Relational Database for the Student Projects Using Oracle
Step 6.2: Querying and Updating the Oracle Database for the Student Projects
Step 6.3: Programming Using SQL for the Student Projects
7. The Enhanced Entity Relationship Model and Object-Relational Model
7.0 Chapter Objectives
7.1 Rationale for Extending the ER Model
7.2 Generalization and Specialization
7.2.1 Specialization
7.2.2 Generalization
7.2.3 Generalization Constraints - Disjointness, Completeness, Definition Method
7.2.4 Multiple Hierarchies and Inheritance
7.3 Union
7.4 Using (min..max) Notation for Cardinality and Participation
7.5 A Sample EER Diagram
7.6 Mapping the EER Model to the Relational Model
7.6.1 Summary of ER to Relational Mapping Concepts
7.6.2 Mapping EER Class Hierarchies to Relational Tables
7.6.3 Mapping Unions
7.7 Extending the Relational Model
7.7.1 New Fundamental Data Types
7.7.2 Collection Types
7.7.3 User-defined Data Types
7.7.4 Type Hierarchies
7.7.5 Reference Types
7.8 Converting an EER Diagram to an Object-Relational Database Model
7.9 Representing Objects in Oracle
7.10 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises: Creating an EER Diagram

SAMPLE PROJECT:
Sample Project Steps 7.1-7.5
Creating an EER Diagram for The Art Gallery
Converting the EER Diagram to an Object-Relational Model
Creating an Oracle Database Using Objects
Querying the Object-Relational Oracle Database
Updating the Data Dictionary and the List of Assumptions
STUDENT PROJECTS:
Student Project Steps 7.1-7.5
Creating an EER Diagram for the Student Project
Converting the EER Diagram to an Object-Relational Model for the
Student Project
Creating an Oracle Database Using Objects for the Student Project
Querying the Object-Relational Oracle Database
Updating the Data Dictionary and the List of Assumptions
8. The Object-Oriented Model
8.0 Chapter Objectives
8.1 Rationale for the Object-Oriented Model
8.2 Object-Oriented Data Concepts
8.2.1 Objects
8.2.2 Classes
8.2.3 Class Hierarchies and Inheritance
8.2.4 Object Identity
8.3 Object-Oriented Data Modeling Using UML
8.4 The ODMG Model and ODL
8.4.1 Class Declarations
8.4.2 Extent
8.4.3 Attributes
8.4.4 Relationships
8.4.5 Methods
8.4.6 Classes and Inheritance
8.4.7 n-ary Relationships and M:M relationships with attributes
8.4.8 Keys
8.5 OQL
8.6 Developing an OO Database
8.7 Chapter Summary

Exercises
Lab Exercises
Creating UML Diagrams using a diagramming tool
SAMPLE PROJECT:
Sample Project Steps 8.1-8.3
Creating a UML Diagram for The Art Gallery
Converting the UML Diagram to an Object-Oriented Database Model
STUDENT PROJECTS
Steps 8.1-8.3
Creating a UML Diagram for the Student Project
Converting the UML Diagram to an Object-Oriented Database Model

9. Introduction to Database Security
9.0 Chapter Objectives
9.1 Issues in Database Security
9.1.1 Accidental Security Threats
9.1.2 Deliberate Security Threats
9.2 Physical Security and User Authentication
9.3 Authorization
9.4 Access Control
9.5 Using Views for Access Control
9.6 Security Logs and Audit Trails
9.7 Encryption
9.8 SQL Authorization Language
9.9 Security in Oracle
9.9.1 Object Privileges
9.9.2 System Privileges
9.9.3 Roles
9.9.4 Using the Oracle Security Manager
9.9.5 Access Control for a Single Database
9.10 Statistical Database Security
9.10 Database Security and the Internet
9.11 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Lab Exercises: Exploring Oracle's Authorization System

SAMPLE PROJECT: Implementing Security Features for The Art Gallery database
STUDENT PROJECTS: Implementing Security Features for Student projects
10. Transaction Management
10.0 Chapter Objectives
10.1 Properties of Transactions
10.2 Need for Concurrency Control
10.3 Serializability
10.4 Locking
10.4.1 Deadlock
10.4.2 Two-Phase Locking
10.4.3 Levels of Locking
10.5 Timestamping
10.5.1 Basic Timestamping protocol
10.5.2 Thomas' Write Rule
10.5.3 Multiversion Timestamping
10.6 Validation Techniques
10.7 Need for Recovery
10.8 Recovery Techniques
10.8.1 Deferred Update Protocol
10.8.2 Checkpoints
10.8.3 Immediate Update Protocol
10.8.4 Shadow Paging
10.8.5 Overview of ARIES Recovery Algorithm
10.9 Transaction Management in Oracle
10.10 Chapter Summary
Exercises

11. Query Optimization
11.0 Chapter Objectives
11.1 Interpretation and Optimization of Queries
11.2 Algebraic Techniques for Query Transformation
11.2.1 The Query Tree
11.2.2 An SQL Query and Its Relational Algebra Translation
11.2.3 Performing SELECT Operations Early
11.2.4 Evaluating Conjunctive Conditions
11.2.5 Performing PROJECT Early
11.2.6 Properties of the Natural Join
11.2.7 Equivalence of Algebraic Operations
11.2.8 Heuristics for Query Optimization
11.3 Processing Techniques and Cost Estimation
11.3.1 Cost Factors
11.3.2 Cost of Processing Selects
11.3.3 Processing Joins
11.3.3.1 Estimating the Size of the Result
11.3.3.2 Methods of Performing Joins
11.3.4 Processing Other Operations
11.4 Pipelining
11.5 Query Optimization in Oracle
11.6 Chapter Summary
Exercises

12 Distributed Databases and Client-Server Architecture
12.0 Chapter Objectives
12.1 Rationale for Distribution
12.2 Architectures for a Distributed Processing System
12.2.1 Distributed Processing Using a Centralized Database
12.2.2. Client Server Systems
12.2.3 Parallel Databases
12.2.3 Distributed Databases
12.3 Components of a Distributed Database System
12.4 Data Placement
12.5 Transparency
12.6 Transaction Control for Distributed Databases
12.6.1 Concurrency Control
12.6.1.1 Locking Protocols
12.6.1.2 Global Deadlock Detection
12.6.1.3 Timestamping Protocols
12.6.2 Recovery
12.6.2.1 Failures and Recovery
12.6.2.2 Commit Protocols
12.7 Distributed Query Processing
12.7.1 Steps in Distributed Query Processing
12.7.2 Estimating Data Communications Costs
12.7.3 The Semijoin Operation
12.8 Chapter Summary
Exercises
SAMPLE PROJECT: Planning the Distribution of the Relational Database for The Art Gallery

STUDENT PROJECTS: Planning for Distribution
13. Databases and the Internet
13.0 Chapter Objectives
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Fundamental Concepts of the Internet and the World Wide Web
13.2.1 Origins of the Web
13.2.2 Browsers, Links and URIs
13.2.3 HTTP
13.2.4 HTML
13.2.5 XML
13.2.5.1 Standalone XML Documents
13.2.5.2 DTDs
13.2.5.3 XML Schemas
13.3 Tiered Architecture
13.3.1 Single-tier Architecture
13.3.2 Two-tier Architecture
13.3.3 Three-tier Architecture
13.3.3.1 The Presentation Layer
13.3.3.2 The Middle Tier


13.4 The Semistructured Data Model
13.4.1 Graphical Representation
13.4.2 XML Data Manipulation
13.4.2.1 XPath Expressions
13.4.2.2 XQuery Expressions
13.4.2.3 FLOWR Expressions
13.5 XML and Relational Databases
13.5.1 Representing and Manipulating XML Data in a Relational Database
13.5.2 Publishing Relational Database Data in XML Format
13.6 Chapter Summary
Lab: Browsing E-Commerce Websites that are "Powered by Oracle"
SAMPLE PROJECT: Step13.1: Designing the E-Commerce Website that uses an Oracle Database for the Sample Project
STUDENT PROJECTS: Step 13.1: Designing the E-Commerce Website for an Oracle Database for the Student Project
14. Social and Ethical Issues
14.0 Chapter Objectives
14.1 Computerization and Ethical Issues
14.2 Intellectual Property
14.2.1 Definition of Intellectual Property
14.2.2 Legal Protections for Intellectual Property
14.2.2.1 Meaning of Copyright
14.2.2.2 International Copyright Laws and US Copyright Laws
14.2.2.3 Patents
14.2.2.4 Trade Secrets
14.2.2.5 Trademarks
14.2.3 Intellectual Property Protection for Software
14.3 Privacy Issues
14.3.1 Privacy and Security
14.3.2 Privacy as a Human Right
14.3.2.1 Privacy Legislation in the United States
14.3.2.2 Privacy Legislation in Europe
14.4 Human Factors
14.4.1 Human factors in Software Development
14.4.2 The Human-Database Interface
14.4.3 Usability Testing for Database Applications
14.4.4 Ethical Standards for Computer and Software Professionals

15 Data Warehouses and Data Mining
15.0 Chapter Objectives
15.1 Purpose of Data Warehouses
15.2 Operational Databases and Data Warehouses
15.3 Architecture of a Data Warehouse
15.4 Data Models for Data Warehouses
15.5 Data Warehouse Queries and SQL:1999 OLAP Extension
15.6 Index Techniques
15.7 Views and View Materialization
15.8 Data Mining
15.9 Purpose of Data Mining
15.10 Types of Knowledge Discovered
15.11 Data Mining Methods
15.12 Applications of Data Mining
15.13 Chapter Summary
Exercises
Bibliography
APPENDIX A: PHYSICAL DATA ORGANIZATION
A.0 Objectives
A.1 File Organization
A.1.1 Storage Media
A.1.2 Blocking of Records
A.1.3 Record Formats
A.1.4 File Organizations
A.2 Data Structures
A.2.1 Inverted Files
A.2.2 Linked Lists
A.2.3 Trees
A.2.4 B+ Trees
A.2.5 B Trees
APPENDIX B The Network Model
B.0 Objectives
B.1 History of the Network Model
B.2 DBTG Model and Terminology
B.3 Records and Sets
B.4 DBTG DDL
B.4.1 The Schema
B.4.2 The Subschema
B.5 DBTG Data Manipulation
B.6 Mapping a Network Model Database to an E-R Model
B.7 Network Model Database Migration

APPENDIX C. The Hierarchical Model
C.0 Objectives
C.1 History of the Hierarchical Model
C.2 Hierarchical Data Structure
C.3 IMS Architecture
C.4 Control Blocks
C.4.1 DBDs
C.4.2 PCBs
C.5 DL/1 Commands-GU,GN,GNP,GHU,GHN,GHNP,ISRT,DLET,REPL
C.6 Mapping a Hierarchical Model to an E-R Model
C.7 Hierarchical Model Database Migration