2. Contents in detail 00 3. Conceptual physics photo album 00 4. To the student 00 5. To the instructor 00 6. Acknowledgments 00 7. 1
about science 00 8. P a r t o n e
9. Mechanics 00
10. Light 00
11. 2
newton's first law of motion-inertia 00 12. 3
linear motion 00 13. 4
newton's second law of motion 00 14. 5
newton's third law of motion 00 15. 6
momentum 00 16. 7
energy 00 17. 8
rotational motion 00 18. 9
gravity 00 19. 10
projectile and satellite motion 00 20. P a r t t w o
21. 11
the atomic nature of matter 00 22. 12
solids 00 23. 13
liquids 00 24. 14
gases and plasmas 00 25. P a r t t h r e e
26. Heat 00
27. 15
temperature, heat, and expansion 00 28. 16
heat transfer 00 29. 17
change of phase 00 30. 18
thermodynamics 00 31. P a r t f o u r
32. Sound 00
33. 19
vibrations and waves 00 34. 20
sound 00 35. 21
musical sounds 00 36. P a r t f i v e
37. Electricity and magnetism 00
38. 22
electrostatics 00 39. 23
electric current 00 40. 24
magnetism 00 41. 25
electromagnetic induction 00 42. P a r t s i x
43. 26
properties of light 00 44. 27
color 00 45. 28
reßection and refraction 00 46. 29
light waves 00 47. 30
light emission 00 48. 31
light quanta 00 49. P a r t s e v e n
50. Atomic and nuclear physics 00
51. Properties of matter 00
52. 32
the atom and the quantum 00 53. 33
the atomic nucleus and radioactivity 00 54. 34
nuclear fission and fusion 00 55. P a r t e i g h t
56. Relativity 00
57. 35
special theory of relativity 00 58. 36
general theory of relativity 00 59. Epilogue 00 60. Appendix a
systems of measurement 00 61. Appendix b
more about motion 00 62. Appendix c
graphing 00 63. Appendix d
more about vectors 00 64. Appendix e
exponential growth and doubling time 00 65. Glossary 00 66. Photo credits 00 67. Index 00 68. Contents in detail
69. Conceptual physics photo album 00
70. To the student 00
71. To the instructor 00
72. Acknowledgments 00
73. 1 about science 00
74. Scientiûc measurements 00 75. Size of the earth 00 76. Size of the moon 00 77. Distance to the moon 00 78. Distance to the sun 00 79. Size of the sun 00 80. Mathematics-the language of science 00 81. Scientiûc methods 00 82. The scientiûc attitude 00 83. Pseudoscience [box] 00 84. Science, art, and religion 00 85. Science and technology 00 86. Risk assessment [box] 00 87. Physics-the basic science 00 88. In perspective 00 89. P a r t o n e
90. Mechanics 00
91. 2 newton's first law of motion-inertia 00
92. Aristotle on motion 00 93. Copernicus and the moving earth 00 94. Galileo and the leaning tower 00 95. Galileo's inclined planes 00 96. Newton's first law of motion 00 97. Net force 00 98. The equilibrium rule 00 99. Support force 00 100. Equilibrium of moving things 00 101. The moving earth 00 102. 3 linear motion 00
103. Motion is relative 00 104. Speed 00 105. Instantaneous speed 00 106. Average speed 00 107. Velocity 00 108. Acceleration 00 109. Acceleration on galileo's inclined planes 00 110. Free fall 00 111. How fast 00 112. How far 00 113. How quicky "how fast" changes 00 114. Hang time [box] 00 115. 4 newton's second law of motion 00
116. Force causes acceleration 00 117. Friction 00 118. Mass and weight 00 119. Mass resists acceleration 00 120. Newton's second law of motion 00 121. When acceleration is g-free fall 00 122. When acceleration is less than g-nonfree fall 00 123. 5 newton's third law of motion 00 124. Forces and interactions 00 125. Newton's third law of motion 00 126. Deûning your system 00 127. Action and reaction on different masses 00 128. Summary of newton's three laws 00 129. Vectors 00 130. Force vectors 00 131. Velocity vectors 00 132. Components of vectors 00 133. 6 momentum 00
134. Momentum 00 135. Impulse 00 136. Impulse and momentum 00 137. Case 1: increasing momentum 00 138. Case 2: decreasing momentum over a long time 00 139. Case 3: decreasing momentum over a short time 00 140. Bouncing 00 141. Conservation of momentum 00 142. Collisions 00 143. More complicated collisions 00 144. 7 energy 00
145. Work 00 146. Power 00 147. Mechanical energy 00 148. Potential energy 00 149. Kinetic energy 00 150. Work-energy theorem 00 151. Conservation of energy 00 152. Machines 00 153. Efûciency 00 154. Comparison of kinetic energy and momentum 00 155. Energy for life 00 156. Sources of energy 00 157. 8 rotational motion 00 158. Circular motion 00 159. Rr wheels [box] 00 160. Rotational inertia 00 161. Torque 00 162. Center of mass and center of gravity 00 163. Locating the center of gravity 00 164. Stability 00 165. Centripetal force 00 166. Centrifugal force 00 167. Centrifugal force in a rotating reference frame 00 168. Simulated gravity 00 169. Angular momentum 00 170. Conservation of angular momentum 00 171. 9 gravity 00
172. The universal law of gravity 00 173. The universal gravitational constant, g 00 174. Gravity and distance: the inverse-square law 00 175. Weight and weightlessness 00 176. Ocean tides 00 177. Tides in the earth and atmosphere 00 178. Gravitational fields 00 179. The gravitational field inside a planet 00 180. Einstein's theory of gravitation 00 181. Black holes 00 182. Universal gravitation 00 183. 10 satellite motion 161
184. Projectile motion 00 185. Projectiles launched horizontally 00 186. Projectiles launched at an angle 00 187. Fast-moving projectiles-satellites 00 188. Circular satellite orbits 00 189. Elliptical orbits 00 190. Kepler's laws of planetary motion 00 191. Energy conservation and satellite motion 00 192. Escape speed 00 193. P a r t t w o
194. Properties of matter 00
195. 11 atomic nature of matter 00
196. The atomic hypothesis 00 197. Atom characteristics 00 198. Atomic imagery 00 199. Atomic structure 00 200. The elements 00 201. The periodic table of elements 00 202. Isotopes 00 203. Compounds, and mixtures 00 204. Molecules 00 205. Antimatter 00 206. Dark matter 00 207. 12 solids 00
208. Muller's micrograph 00 209. Crystal structure 00 210. Density 00 211. Elasticity 00 212. Tension and compression 00 213. Arches 00 214. Scaling 00 215. 13 liquids 00
216. Pressure 00 217. Pressure in a liquid 00 218. Buoyancy 00 219. Archimedes' principle 00 220. What makes an object sink or float? 00 221. Flotation 00 222. Pascal's principle 00 223. Surface tension 00 224. Capillarity 00 225. 14 gases and plasmas 00
226. The atmosphere 00 227. Atmospheric pressure 00 228. Barometer 00 229. Boyle's law 00 230. Buoyancy of air 00 231. Bernoulli's principle 00 232. Applications of bernoulli's principle 00 233. Plasma 00 234. Plasma in the everyday world 00 235. Plasma power 00 236. P a r t t h r e e
237. Heat 00
238. 15 temperature, heat, and expansion 00
239. Temperature 00 240. Heat 00 241. Quantity of heat 00 242. Speciûc heat 00 243. Expansion 00 244. Expansion of water 00 245. 16 heat transfer 00 246. Conduction 00 247. Convection 00 248. Why warm air rises 00 249. Why expanding air cools 00 250. Radiation 00 251. Emission, absorption, and reßection of radiation 00 252. Cooling at night by radiation 00 253. Newton's law of cooling 00 254. The greenhouse effect 00 255. Solar power 00 256. The thermos bottle 00 257. 17 change of phase 00
258. Evaporation 00 259. Condensation 00 260. Condensation in the atmosphere 00 261. Fog and clouds 00 262. Boiling 00 263. Geysers 00 264. Boiling is a cooling process 00 265. Boiling and freezing at the same time 00 266. Melting and freezing 00 267. Regelation 00 268. Energy and changes of phase 00 269. 18 thermodynamics 00
270. Absolute zero 00 271. Internal energy 00 272. First law of thermodynamics 00 273. Adiabatic processes 00 274. Meteorology and the first law 00 275. Second law of thermodynamics 00 276. Heat engines 00 277. Order tends to disorder 00 278. Entropy 00 279. P a r t f o u r
280. Sound 00
281. 19 vibrations and waves 00
282. Vibration of a pendulum 00 283. Wave description 00 284. Wave motion 00 285. Wave speed 00 286. Transverse waves 00 287. Longitudinal waves 00 288. Interference 00 289. Standing waves 00 290. Doppler effect 00 291. Bow waves 00 292. Shock waves 00 293. 20 sound 00
294. Origin of sound 00 295. Nature of sound in air 00 296. Media that transmit sound 00 297. Speed of sound 00 298. Reßection of sound 00 299. Refraction of sound 00 300. Energy in sound waves 00 301. Forced vibrations 00 302. Natural frequency 00 303. Resonance 00 304. Interference 00 305. Beats 00 306. Radio broadcasts 00 307. 21 musical sounds 00
308. Pitch 00 309. Loudness 00 310. Quality 00 311. Musical instruments 00 312. Fourier analysis 00 313. Compact discs 00 314. P a r t f i v e
315. Electricity and magnetism 00
316. 22 electrostatics 00
317. Electrical forces 00 318. Electric charges 00 319. Conservation of charge 00 320. Coulomb's law 00 321. Conductors and insulators 00 322. Semiconductors 00 323. Superconductors 00 324. Charging 00 325. Charging by contact 00 326. Charging by induction 00 327. Charge polarization 00 328. Electric field 00 329. Electric shielding 00 330. Electric potential 00 331. Van de graaff generator 00 332. 23 electric current 00
333. Flow of charge 00 334. Electric current 00 335. Voltage sources 00 336. Electrical resistance 00 337. Ohm's law 00 338. Ohm's law and electric shock 00 339. Direct current and alternating current 00 340. Converting ac to dc 00 341. Speed and source of electrons in a circuit 00 342. Electric power 00 343. Box on fuel cells 00 344. Electric circuits 00 345. Series circuits 00 346. Parallel circuits 00 347. Parallel circuits and overloading 00 348. Safety fuses 00 349. 24 magnetism 00
350. Magnetic forces 00 351. Magnetic poles 00 352. Magnetic fields 00 353. Magnetic domains 00 354. Electric currents and magnetic fields 00 355. Electromagnets 00 356. Magnetic force on moving charged particles 00 357. Magnetic force on current-carrying wires 00 358. Electric meters 00 359. Electric motors 00 360. Earth's magnetic field 00 361. Biomagnetism 00 362. 25 electromagnetic induction 00
363. Electromagnetic induction 00 364. Faraday's law 00 365. Generators and alternating current 00 366. Power production 00 367. Turbogenerator power 00 368. Mhd power 00 369. Transformers 00 370. Self-induction 00 371. Power transmission 00 372. Field induction 00 373. In perspective 00 374. P a r t s i x
375. Light 00
376. 26 properties of light 00
377. Electromagnetic waves 00 378. Electromagnetic wave velocity 00 379. The electromagnetic spectrum 00 380. Transparent materials 00 381. Opaque materials 00 382. Shadows 00 383. Seeing light-the eye 00 384. 27 color 00
385. Selective reßection 00 386. Selective transmission 00 387. Mixing colored light 00 388. Complementary colors 00 389. Mixing colored pigments 00 390. Why the sky is blue 00 391. Why sunsets are red 00 392. Why clouds are white 00 393. Why water is greenish blue 00 394. 28 reßection and refraction 00
395. Reßection 00 396. Principle of least time 00 397. Law of reßection 00 398. Plane mirrors 00 399. Diffuse reßection 00 400. Refraction 00 401. Mirage 00 402. Cause of refraction 00 403. Dispersion 00 404. Rainbows 00 405. Total internal reßection 00 406. Lenses 00 407. Image formation by a lens 00 408. Lens defects 00 409. 29 light waves 00
410. Huygens' principles 00 411. Diffraction 00 412. Interference 00 413. Single-color thin film interference 00 414. Interference colors by reßection from 415. Thin films 00 416. Polarization 00 417. Three-dimensional viewing 00 418. Holography 00 419. 30 light emission 00
420. Excitation 00 421. Emission spectra 00 422. Incandescence 00 423. Absorption spectra 00 424. Fluorescence 00 425. Fluorescent lamps 00 426. Phosphorescence 00 427. Lasers 00 428. 31 light quanta 00
429. Birth of the quantum theory 00 430. Quantization and planck's constant 00 431. Photoelectric effect 00 432. Wave-particle duality 00 433. Double-slit experiment 00 434. Particles as waves: electron diffraction 00 435. Uncertainty principle 00 436. Complementarity 00 437. P a r t s e v e n
438. Atomic and nuclear physics 00
439. 32 the atom and the quantum 00
440. Discovery of the atomic nucleus 00 441. Discovery of the electron 00 442. Atomic spectra: clues to atomic structure 00 443. Bohr model of the atom 00 444. Relative sizes of atoms 00 445. Explanation of quantized energy levels: 446. Electron waves 00 447. Quantum mechanics 00 448. Correspondence principle 00 449. 33 atomic nucleus and radioactivity 00
450. X rays and radioactivity 00 451. Alpha, beta, and gamma rays 00 452. The nucleus 00 453. Isotopes 00 454. Why atoms are radioactive 00 455. Half-life 00 456. Radiation detectors 00 457. Transmutation of elements 00 458. Natural transmutation 00 459. Artiûcial transmutation 00 460. Radioactive isotopes 00 461. Radiometric dating 00 462. Carbon dating 00 463. Uranium dating 00 464. Effects of radiation on humans 00 465. Radiation dosage 00 466. 34 nuclear fission and fusion 00 467. Nuclear fission 00 468. Nuclear fission reactors 00 469. Plutonium 00 470. The breeder reactor 00 471. Fission power 00 472. Mass-energy equivalence 00 473. Nuclear fusion 00 474. Controlling fusion 00 475. Fusion torch and recycling [box] 00 476. P a r t e i g h t
477. Relativity 00
478. 35 special theory of relativity 00
479. Motion is relative 00 480. Michelson-morley experiment 00 481. Postulates of the special theory of relativity 00 482. Simultaneity 00 483. Spacetime 00 484. Time dilation 00 485. The twin trip 00 486. Addition of velocities 00 487. Space travel 00 488. Length contraction 00 489. Relativistic momentum 00 490. Mass, energy, and e mc2 00 491. The correspondence principle 00 492. 36 general theory of relativity 00
493. Principle of equivalence 00 494. Bending of light by gravity 00 495. Gravity and time: gravitational red shift 00 496. Gravity and space: motion of mercury 00 497. Gravity, space, and a new geometry 00 498. Gravitational waves 00 499. Newtonian and einsteinian gravitation 00 500. Epilogue 00
501. Appendix a systems of measurement 00
502. United states customary system 00 503. Syst"me international 00 504. Meter 00 505. Kilogram 00 506. Second 00 507. Newton 00 508. Joule 00 509. Ampere 00 510. Kelvin 00 511. Measurements of area and volume 00 512. Area 00 513. Volume 00 514. Scientiûc notation 00 515. Appendix b more about motion 00 516. Computing velocity and distance traveled on an 517. Inclined plane 00 518. Computing distance when acceleration is 519. Constant 00 520. Appendix c graphing 00
521. Graphs-a way to express quantitative 522. Relationships 00 523. Cartesian graphs 00 524. Slope and area under the curve 00 525. Graphing with conceptual physics 00 526. Appendix d more about vectors 00
527. Vectors and scalars 00 528. Adding vectors 00 529. Finding components of vectors 00 530. Sailboats 00 531. Appendix e exponential growth and doubling time 00
532. Glossary 00
533. Photo credits 00
534. Index 00
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