TY - BOOK AU - Trawick-Smith, Jeffrey TI - Early childhood development : a multicultural perspective SN - 9780132868594 U1 - 372.21 6th ed. PY - 2014/// CY - Boston PB - Pearson Education KW - Child development. Early childhood education. Multicultural education N1 - How Have Views on Childhood Changed Over the Years? -- Western Perspectives Throughout History -- Non-Western Perspectives Throughout History -- Why Study Early Childhood Development? -- A Guide to Interactions with Children -- A Guide to Curriculum Planning -- A Guide to Observing Children and Identifying Special Needs -- A Guide to Understanding and Appreciating Diversity -- A Guide to Advocacy and the Shaping of Public Policy -- Why Study Early Childhood Development from a Multicultural Perspective? -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 2 Research and Assessment in Early Childhood Development -- Research on Young Children -- Early Child Study -- Correlational Studies -- Experimental Studies -- Multicultural Critique of Traditional Research -- Qualitative/Ethnographic Studies -- Assessment of Young Children Note continued: The Assessment and Accountability Movement -- Summative Assessment -- Formative Assessment -- Assessment to Identify Disabilities -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 3 Theories of Child Development -- Maturationist Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Behaviorist Theory -- Classical and Operant Conditioning -- Social Learning Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Psychoanalytic Theory -- Erikson's Ages of Emotional Development -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Cognitive-Developmental Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Sociocultural Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Information Processing Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis -- Ecological Systems Theory -- Working with Adam -- Critique and Multicultural Analysis Note continued: Neuroscience and Theories of Development -- Neuroscience and Maturationist Theory: Working with Adam -- Neuroscience and Behaviorist Theory: Working with Adam -- Neuroscience and Psychoanalytic Theory: Working with Adam -- Neuroscience and Cognitive-Developmental, Sociocultural, and Information Processing Theories: Working with Adam -- Neuroscience and Ecological Systems Theory: Working with Adam -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 4 Genetics, Prenatal Development, and Birth -- Genetics: The Biological Steps to Becoming a Unique Human Being -- Genes and Chromosomes -- Hereditary Diseases -- Genetics from a Multicultural Perspective -- Becoming Human -- Becoming an Individual -- Becoming an Individual Within a Cultural Group -- Prenatal Development -- Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development -- Teen Pregnancy -- Prenatal Development and the Brain -- Childbirth -- Western Childbirth Procedures -- Childbirth Across Cultures -- Summary Note continued: Research Into Practice -- ch. 5 The Newborn -- Physical Characteristics of Newborns -- Newborn Psychological States -- Sleeping -- Alert and Waking Activity States -- Crying -- Breastfeeding -- Reflexes -- Exploration and Habituation -- Newborns with Special Needs -- Genetic Disorders -- Environmental Risk Factors -- Poor Health Status and Prematurity -- Protecting the Newborn Brain -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 6 Physical Growth of Infants and Toddlers -- Physical Growth and Motor Development of Infants -- Trends in Physical Growth -- Motor Abilities -- Physical Growth and Motor Development of Toddlers -- Toddler Motor Abilities -- Toddler Self-Care Skills -- Perceptual Development of Infants -- Vision -- Hearing -- Taste and Smell -- Touch -- Toddler Perceptual Development -- Brain Growth of Infants and Toddlers -- How the Brain Works -- The Super-Dense Infant and Toddler Brain -- Promoting Infant and Toddler Brain Growth Note continued: Prime Time for Brain Growth -- Classroom Adaptations: Infants and Toddlers with Perceptual-Motor Challenges -- Visual Impairment -- Hearing Impairment -- Other Conditions That Affect Perception and Motor Ability -- Infant and Toddler Obesity -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 7 Cognitive Development of Infants and Toddlers -- Piaget's View of Infant and Toddler Intelligence -- Piaget's Substages -- A Multicultural Critique of Piaget's Theory -- Neuroscience and Piaget's Theory -- Other Cognitive Abilities -- Infant Memory -- Toddler Memory -- Infant Attention -- Toddler Attention -- Infant and Toddler Play and Cognitive Development -- Variations In Cognitive Development -- Culture and Cognitive Development -- Poverty -- Challenging Conditions and Cognitive Development -- Families, Culture, and Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs -- Early Intervention -- Classroom Adaptations: Infants and Toddlers with Cognitive Disabilities -- Summary Note continued: Research Into Practice -- ch. 8 Infant and Toddler Language and Literacy -- Receptive Communication -- Speech Perception -- Understanding Words -- Productive Communication -- Infant Crying -- Infant Noises and Gestures -- Infant Babbling -- Infants' First Words -- Toddlers' Word Use -- Toddlers' Two-Word Utterances -- Infant and Toddler Language Learning and The Brain -- Infant and Toddler Literacy -- Infant Literacy Experiences -- Reading with Toddlers -- Classroom Adaptations: Infants and Toddlers with Language Delays -- Hearing Impairment and Infant and Toddler Language -- Down Syndrome and Infant and Toddler Language -- General Language Delay -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 9 Infant and Toddler Social and Emotional Development -- Trust and Attachment -- Attachment Formation -- Separation Anxiety and Stranger Anxiety -- Types of Attachment -- Cultural Variations in Infant Attachment -- Parenting Behaviors, Attachment, and Culture Note continued: Attachment and Disabilities -- Attachment and Family Stress -- Attachment Interventions -- Infant and Toddler Care and Attachment -- Attachment and the "Social Brain" -- Autonomy of Toddlers -- Cultural Variations in Autonomy -- Temperament -- Temperament and Attachment -- Temperament and Culture -- Temperament and the Brain -- Early Emotions -- Emotions and Culture -- Infant and Toddler Emotions and the Brain -- Infant and Toddler Relationships and Egocentrism -- Classroom Adaptations: The Social and Emotional Development of Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 10 Preschool Physical and Motor Development -- Physical Growth -- Gross Motor Development -- Cultural Variations in Motor Skills -- Cultural Variations in Activity Level -- Motor Play and Culture -- Running and Walking -- Climbing and Jumping Down -- Catching and Throwing -- Balancing -- Rough-and-Tumble Play -- The Body-Brain Connection Note continued: Fine Motor Development -- Artistic Development -- Drawing Development: A Traditional View -- Drawing and Culture: The Reggio Emilia Perspective -- Artistic Expression and the Brain -- Gender and Motor Development -- Personal and Family Life Skills -- Classroom Adaptations: Preschoolers with Physically Challenging Conditions -- Neurological and Perceptual Disorders -- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder -- Malnutrition -- Obesity -- Early Intervention -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 11 Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years -- Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years: Piaget's Theory -- Characteristics of Preoperational Thought -- Piagetian Tasks -- Criticisms of Piagetian Theory -- Cultural Variations -- Flaws in Research -- Vygotsky's Perspective on Cognitive Development -- Culture and Social and Language Interactions -- Information Processing Perspective on Preschool Cognition -- Attention -- Theories of the Mind Note continued: Variations in Theories of the Mind -- Executive Function and the Brain -- Academic Skills and the Standards Movement -- Classroom Adaptations: Preschoolers with Cognitive Disabilities -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 12 Symbolic Thought: Play, Language, and Literacy in the Preschool Years -- Sociodramatic Play -- Sociodramatic Play and Cognition -- Components of Sociodramatic Play -- Sociodramatic Play Intervention -- Sociodramatic Play, Class, and Culture -- Classroom Adaptations: Facilitating The Play of Children with Special Needs -- Play and Visual Impairments -- Play and Hearing Impairments -- Play and Cognitive Disabilities -- Play and Autism -- Sociodramatic Play and the Brain -- First- and Second-Language Acquisition -- Phonology -- Semantics -- Syntax -- Pragmatics -- Bilingual Preschools -- The Brain's Role in Learning a Second Language -- Literacy Development -- Writing -- Reading -- Phonemic Awareness -- Promoting Early Literacy Note continued: Cultural Variations in Emergent Literacy -- Classroom Adaptations: Addressing Language and Literacy Delays -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 13 Social and Emotional Development of Preschoolers -- Emotional Growth in the Preschool Years -- Initiative Versus Guilt -- Social Initiative -- Initiative and Self-Concept -- Initiative and Culture -- Social Competence -- Peer Status: Children Who are Popular, Rejected, and Neglected -- Friendships -- Social Participation -- Positive and Negative Social Behaviors -- The Brain and Social Behaviors -- Culture and Social Competence -- Culture and Prosocial Behaviors -- Play -- Access to Peers -- Friendliness and Shyness -- Rough Play and Teasing -- Social Interaction and Second-Language Acquisition -- Peer Acceptance and Culture -- Other Sources of Variation in Social Competence -- Poverty and Family Stressors -- Siblings -- Child Care -- Gender and Social Development Note continued: Classroom Adaptations: Social Competence and Young Children with Disabilities -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 14 Physical Growth and Motor Development in the Primary Years -- Physical Appearance and Stature -- Cultural Variations in Physical Growth -- Poverty and Health Status of Primary-Age Children -- Illness -- Nutrition -- Obesity -- Injury -- Violence -- Homelessness -- Motor Development in the Primary Years -- The Body-Brain Connection -- Motor Play and Culture -- Functional Play -- Rough-and-Tumble Play -- Pretend Play -- Games with Rules -- Teasing Play -- Rituals -- Modern Threats to Motor Play -- Television -- School Policy -- Classroom Adaptations: Physically Challenging Conditions -- Cerebral Palsy -- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy -- Spina Bifida -- Meeting Special Motor Needs in School -- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 15 Cognitive Development in the Primary Years Note continued: Schools Across Cultures -- Intelligence -- Uses of IQ Tests in School -- Analysis and Multicultural Critique of IQ Testing -- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development -- Assimilation and Accommodation -- The Concrete Operational Stage -- Piaget's Theory and Traditional School Subjects -- Analysis and Multicultural Critique of Piaget's Theory -- Underestimates of Competence -- Culture and Cognitive Abilities -- Vygotsky's View of Language and Social Interaction -- Memory -- Types of Memory -- Memory and the Brain -- Memory and Culture -- Metacognition -- Rehearsal -- Labeling and Organization -- Paying Attention -- Metacognition in School -- Culture and School Success -- Clashes in Cognitive Style -- Poor Schools and Teaching -- Family Attitudes Toward School -- School and the Standards Movement -- Classroom Adaptations: Primary-Grade Children with Cognitive Disabilities -- Learning Disabilities -- Children Who are Gifted and Talented Note continued: Meeting Diverse Cognitive Needs in One Classroom -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 16 Language and Literacy in the Primary Years -- First- and Second-Language Acquisition -- Phonology -- Semantics -- Syntax -- Metalinguistic Awareness -- Pragmatics -- Bilingual Education -- Literacy Development -- Writing in the Primary Years -- Reading Development -- Literacy and Culture -- Biliteracy -- Classroom Adaptations: Language, Literacy, and Children with Special Needs -- Reading and the Brain -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 17 Social and Emotional Development in the Primary Years -- A Sense of Competence -- Development of Feelings of Competence -- A Sense of Competence in School -- Types of Self-Esteem -- Competence Versus Social Acceptance -- Feelings of Control -- Feelings of Moral Self-Worth -- Integrating the Types of Self-Esteem -- Self-Esteem and Culture -- Inclusive Views of Self Note continued: Cultural Competencies and Criteria for Self-Evaluation -- Culture and Feelings of Control -- Culture and Feelings of Moral Self-Worth -- Self-Esteem, Prejudice, and the Myth of Self-Hatred -- Early Identity Formation -- Gender Identity -- Ethnic Identity -- Peer Relationships -- The Peer Group -- Peer Rejection and Reputation -- Children Who are Neglected -- Friendships -- Peer Relations, Culture, and Class -- Moral Development -- Critiques of Kohlberg -- Classroom Adaptations: Social Competence and Children with Special Needs -- Serious Emotional Disturbance -- Autism and Social Competence -- ADHD and Social Competence -- Invisible Disabilities and Peer Acceptance -- Peer Relationships and the Brain -- Summary -- Research Into Practice -- ch. 18 Parents, Families, and Children: A Multicultural Perspective -- Types of Families -- Nuclear Families -- Extended Families -- Single-Parent Families -- Gay and Lesbian Families -- Foster Families Note continued: Adoptive Families -- Family Members Who Influence Children's Development -- Fathers -- Grandparents -- Siblings -- Friends Who Are Like Family -- Parent Beliefs About Child Development -- Poverty and Beliefs About Children -- Oppression and Beliefs About Children -- Parenting Beliefs and Professional Practice -- Parenting Styles -- Adult-Child Interactions -- Parent Communication -- Responses to Crying -- Teaching Behaviors -- Carrying and Holding Practices -- Family Stressors and Resilience -- Divorce -- Addiction and Substance Abuse -- Homelessness -- Teachers as a Protective Factor -- Summary -- Research Into Practice ER -