TY - BOOK AU - Carraher,Charles E. AU - Seymour,Raymond B. TI - Seymour / Carraher's polymer chemistry SN - 9781420051025 U1 - 547.7 22 PY - 2008/// CY - Boca Raton PB - CRC Press KW - Polymers KW - Polymerization N1 - Includes bibliographical references and index; Contents Polymer nomenclature Studying polymer chemistry 1/ introduction to polymer science 1.1 history of polymers 1.2 why polymers? 1.3 today¿s marketplace 1.4 recycling Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 2/ polymer structure (morphology) 2.1 stereochemistry of polymers 2.2 molecular interactions 2.3 polymer crystals 2.4 amorphous bulk state 2.5 polymer structure-property relationships 2.6 crosslinking 2.7 crystalline and amorphous combinations Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 3/ molecular weight of polymers 3.1 introduction 3.2 solubility 3.3 average molecular weight values 3.4 fractionation of polydisperse systems 3.5 chromatography 3.6 colligative molecular weight techniques osmometry end-group analysis eublliometry and cryometry 3.6 osmometry 3.7 end-group analysis 3.8 eublliometry and cryometry 3.9 refractometry 3.10 light-scattering measurements 3.11 ultracentrifugation 3.12 small-angle x-ray scattering 3.13 mass spectrometry 3.14 viscometry Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 4/ polycondensation polymers (step-reaction polymerization) 4.1 comparison between polymer type and kinetics of polymerization 4.2 introduction 4.3 stepwise kinetics 4.4 general step-reaction polymerization 4.5 polycondensation mechanisms 4.6 polyesters 4.7 polycarbonates 4.8 synthetic polyamides 4.9 polyimides 4.10 polybenzimidazoles and related polymers 4.11 polyurethanes and polyureas foams elastomers coatings 4.12 polysulfides 4.13 polyethers and epoxys 4.14 polysulfones 4.15 polyether ether ketone) and polyketones 4.16 phenolic and amino plastics 4.17 furan resins 4.18 synthetic routes 4.19 liquid crystals 4.20 microfibers 4.20 general step-reaction polymerization Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 5/ ionic chain-reaction and complex coordinative polymerization (addition polymerization) 5.1 cationic polymerization 5.2 anionic polymerization 5.3 stereoregularity 5.4 polymerization with complex coordination catalysts 5.5 soluble stereoregulating catalysts 5.6 polyethylenes 5.7 polypropylene 5.8 polymers from 1,4-dienes 5.9 polyisobutylene 5.10 methathesis reactions 5.11 zwitterionic polymerization 5.12 isomerization polymerization 5.13 precipitation polymerization Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 6/ free radical polymerization (addition polymerization) 6.1 initiators for free-radical chain polymerization 6.2 mechanism for free-radical chain polymerization 6.3 chain transfer 6.4 polymerization techniques 6.5 fluorine-containing polymers 6.6 polystyrene 6.7 poly(vinyl chloride) 6.8 poly(methyl methacrylate) 6.9 poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl acetals) 6.10 polyacrylonitrile 6.11 solid-state irradiation polymerization 6.12 plasma polymerizations Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 7/ copolymerization 7.1 kinetics of copolymerization 7.2 the q-e scheme 7.3 commercial copolymers 7.4 block copolymers 7.5 graft copolymers 7.6 elastomers 7.7 thermoplastic elastomers 7.8 polymer blends immiscible blends miscible blends 7.9 networks- general 7.10 polymer mixtures 7.11 dendrites 7.12 ionomers Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 8/ composites and fillers 8.1 fillers 8.2 types of composites 8.3 long fiber composites- theory 8.4 fibers and resins 8.5 long fiber composites- applications 8.6 nanocomposites 8.7 fabrication 8.8 metal-matrix composites Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 9/ naturally occurring polymers- plants 9.1 polysaccharides 9.2 cellulose 9.3 paper 9.4 cellulose regenerating processes 9.5 esters and ethers of cellulose 9.6 starch 9.7 homopolysaccharides 9.8 heteropolysaccharides 9.9 synthetic rubbers 9.10 naturally occurring polyisoprenes 9.11 resins 9.11 balloons 9.12 lignin 9.13 melanins Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 10/ naturally occurring polymers- animals 10.1 proteins 10.2 levels of protein structure keratins collagen elastin globular proteins 10.3 nucleic acids 10.4 flow of biological information 10.5 rna interference 10.6 polymer structure 10.7 protein folding 10.8 genetic engineering 10.9 dna profiling 10.10 human genome-general 10.11 chromosomes 10.12 proteomics 10.13 protein site activity identification Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 11/ organometallic and inorganic-organic polymers 11.1 introduction 11.2 inorganic reaction mechanisms 11.3 condensation organometallic polymers 11.4 coordination polymers 11.5 addition polymers 11.6 sol-gel 11.7 ion exchange resins Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 12/ inorganic polymers 12.1 introduction 12.2 portland cement 12.3 other cements 12.4 silicates network layer chain 12.5 silicon dioxide (amorphous) 12.6 kinds of amorphous glass 12.7 safety glass 12.8 lenses 12.9 sol-gel 12.10 aerogels 12.11 silicon dioxide (crystalline forms)-quartz forms 12.12 silicon dioxide in electronic chips 12.13 silicon dioxide in optical fibers 12.14 asbestos 12.15 polymeric carbon-diamond 12.16 polymeric carbon-graphite 12.17 internal cyclization-carbon fibers and related materials 12.18 carbon nanotubes general structure applications 12.19 bitumens 12.20 carbon black 12.16 polysulfur 12.17 ceramics 12.18 high-temperature superconductors discovery of the 123-compound structure of the 123-compound 12.19 zeolites Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 13/ testing and spectrometric characterization of polymers 13.1 spectronic characterization infrared spectroscopy raman spectroscopy ultraviolet spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nmr applications electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy x-ray spectroscopy 13.2 surface characterization auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy near-field scanning optical microscopy electron microscopy scanning probe microscopy secondary ion mass spectroscopy 13.3amorphous region determinations 13.4 mass spectrometry 13.5 thermal analysis 13.6 thermal property tests thermal conductivity thermal expansion heat capacity glass transition temperature 13.7 flammability 13.8 electrical properties: theory 13.9 electrical measurements 13.10 optical property tests index of refraction optical clarity absorption and reflectance 13.11 weatherability 13.12 chemical resistance 13.13 measurement of particle size 13.14 measurement of adhesion 13.15 permeability and diffusion Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 14/ rheology and physical tests 14.1 rheology rheology and physical tests response time 14.2 typical stress-strain behavior 14.3 stress-strain relationships 14.4 specific physical tests tensile strength tensile strength of inorganic and metallic fibers and whiskers compressive strength impact strength hardness shear strength abrasion resistance failure Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 15/ polymer additives 15.1 plasticizers 15.2 antioxidants 15.3 heat stabilizers 15.4 ultraviolet stabilizers 15.5 flame retardants 15.6 colorants 15.7 curing agents 15.8 antistatic agents (antistats) 15.9 chemical blowing agents 15.10 compatibilizers 15.11 impact modifiers 15.12 processing aids 15.13 lubricants 15.14 microorganism inhibitors 15.15 coupling agents Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 16/ reactions on polymers 16.1 reactions with polyolefins and polyenes 16.2 reactions of aromatic and aliphatic pendant groups 16.3 degradation 16.4. Crosslinking 16.5 reactivities of end groups 16.6 supramolecules and self-assembly 16.7 transfer and retention of oxygen 16.8 nature¿s macromolecular catalysts 16.9 mechanisms of energy absorption 16.10 breakage of polymeric materials Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 17/synthesis of reactants and intermediates for polymers 17.1 monomer synthesis for step-reaction polymerization 17.2 reactants for step-reaction polymerization 17.3 synthesis of vinyl monomers 17.4 synthesis of free radical initiators Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 18/polymer technology 18.1 fibers 18.2 elastomers elastomer processing 18.3 films and sheets calendering 18.4 polymeric foams 18.5 reinforced plastics and laminates laminating 18.6 molding injection blow molding compression and transfer thermoforming 18.7 casting 18.8 extrusion 18.9 coatings processing surface treatment 18.10 adhesives Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading 19/selected topics 19.1conductive polymeric materials photoconductive and photonic polymers electrically conductive polymers nano wires 19.2 nonlinear optical behavior 19.3 photophysics 19.4 drug design and activity 19.5 synthetic biomedical polymers dentistry 19.6 sutures 19.7 geotextiles 19.8 smart materials 19.9 high-performance thermoplastics 19.10 construction and building 19.11 flame retardant textiles 19.12 water-soluble polymers 19.13 anaerobic adhesives 19.14 hydrogels 19.15 emerging polymers Summary Glossary Exercises Additional reading Solutions Appendix a. Symbols Appendix b. Trade names Appendix c. Syllabus Appendix d. Polymer core course committees Appendix e. Structures of common polymers Appendix f. Mathematical values and units Appendix g. Comments on health Appendix h. Iso 9000 and 14000 Appendix i. Electronic education web sites Appendix. J. Stereogeometry of polymers Appendix k. Statistical treatment of measurements Appendix l. Combinatorial chemistry Appendix m. Polymerization reactors Appendix n. Materials selection charts ER -